Support for running the test suite with py.test

 * Get rid of runtests.py
 * Moved test code  from rest_framework/tests and rest_framework/runtests to tests
 * Invoke py.test from setup.py
 * Invoke py.test from Travis
 * Invoke py.test from tox
 * Changed setUpClass to be just plain setUp in test_permissions.py
 * Updated contribution guideline to show how to invoke py.test

1 files changed, 1857 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/tests/test_serializer.py b/tests/test_serializer.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..18484afe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_serializer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1857 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from django.db import models
+from django.db.models.fields import BLANK_CHOICE_DASH
+from django.test import TestCase
+from django.utils.datastructures import MultiValueDict
+from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
+from rest_framework import serializers, fields, relations
+from tests.models import (HasPositiveIntegerAsChoice, Album, ActionItem, Anchor, BasicModel,
+    BlankFieldModel, BlogPost, BlogPostComment, Book, CallableDefaultValueModel, DefaultValueModel,
+    ManyToManyModel, Person, ReadOnlyManyToManyModel, Photo, RESTFrameworkModel)
+from tests.models import BasicModelSerializer
+import datetime
+import pickle
+
+
+class SubComment(object):
+    def __init__(self, sub_comment):
+        self.sub_comment = sub_comment
+
+
+class Comment(object):
+    def __init__(self, email, content, created):
+        self.email = email
+        self.content = content
+        self.created = created or datetime.datetime.now()
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return all([getattr(self, attr) == getattr(other, attr)
+                    for attr in ('email', 'content', 'created')])
+
+    def get_sub_comment(self):
+        sub_comment = SubComment('And Merry Christmas!')
+        return sub_comment
+
+
+class CommentSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
+    email = serializers.EmailField()
+    content = serializers.CharField(max_length=1000)
+    created = serializers.DateTimeField()
+    sub_comment = serializers.Field(source='get_sub_comment.sub_comment')
+
+    def restore_object(self, data, instance=None):
+        if instance is None:
+            return Comment(**data)
+        for key, val in data.items():
+            setattr(instance, key, val)
+        return instance
+
+
+class NamesSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
+    first = serializers.CharField()
+    last = serializers.CharField(required=False, default='')
+    initials = serializers.CharField(required=False, default='')
+
+
+class PersonIdentifierSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
+    ssn = serializers.CharField()
+    names = NamesSerializer(source='names', required=False)
+
+
+class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+    isbn = serializers.RegexField(regex=r'^[0-9]{13}$', error_messages={'invalid': 'isbn has to be exact 13 numbers'})
+
+    class Meta:
+        model = Book
+
+
+class ActionItemSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+
+    class Meta:
+        model = ActionItem
+
+class ActionItemSerializerOptionalFields(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+    """
+    Intended to test that fields with `required=False` are excluded from validation.
+    """
+    title = serializers.CharField(required=False)
+
+    class Meta:
+        model = ActionItem
+        fields = ('title',)
+
+class ActionItemSerializerCustomRestore(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+
+    class Meta:
+        model = ActionItem
+
+    def restore_object(self, data, instance=None):
+        if instance is None:
+            return ActionItem(**data)
+        for key, val in data.items():
+            setattr(instance, key, val)
+        return instance
+
+
+class PersonSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+    info = serializers.Field(source='info')
+
+    class Meta:
+        model = Person
+        fields = ('name', 'age', 'info')
+        read_only_fields = ('age',)
+
+
+class NestedSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
+    info = serializers.Field()
+
+
+class ModelSerializerWithNestedSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+    nested = NestedSerializer(source='*')
+
+    class Meta:
+        model = Person
+
+
+class NestedSerializerWithRenamedField(serializers.Serializer):
+    renamed_info = serializers.Field(source='info')
+
+
+class ModelSerializerWithNestedSerializerWithRenamedField(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+    nested = NestedSerializerWithRenamedField(source='*')
+
+    class Meta:
+        model = Person
+
+
+class PersonSerializerInvalidReadOnly(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+    """
+    Testing for #652.
+    """
+    info = serializers.Field(source='info')
+
+    class Meta:
+        model = Person
+        fields = ('name', 'age', 'info')
+        read_only_fields = ('age', 'info')
+
+
+class AlbumsSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+
+    class Meta:
+        model = Album
+        fields = ['title']  # lists are also valid options
+
+
+class PositiveIntegerAsChoiceSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+    class Meta:
+        model = HasPositiveIntegerAsChoice
+        fields = ['some_integer']
+
+
+class BasicTests(TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.comment = Comment(
+            'tom@example.com',
+            'Happy new year!',
+            datetime.datetime(2012, 1, 1)
+        )
+        self.actionitem = ActionItem(title='Some to do item',)
+        self.data = {
+            'email': 'tom@example.com',
+            'content': 'Happy new year!',
+            'created': datetime.datetime(2012, 1, 1),
+            'sub_comment': 'This wont change'
+        }
+        self.expected = {
+            'email': 'tom@example.com',
+            'content': 'Happy new year!',
+            'created': datetime.datetime(2012, 1, 1),
+            'sub_comment': 'And Merry Christmas!'
+        }
+        self.person_data = {'name': 'dwight', 'age': 35}
+        self.person = Person(**self.person_data)
+        self.person.save()
+
+    def test_empty(self):
+        serializer = CommentSerializer()
+        expected = {
+            'email': '',
+            'content': '',
+            'created': None
+        }
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.data, expected)
+
+    def test_retrieve(self):
+        serializer = CommentSerializer(self.comment)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.data, self.expected)
+
+    def test_create(self):
+        serializer = CommentSerializer(data=self.data)
+        expected = self.comment
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.object, expected)
+        self.assertFalse(serializer.object is expected)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.data['sub_comment'], 'And Merry Christmas!')
+
+    def test_create_nested(self):
+        """Test a serializer with nested data."""
+        names = {'first': 'John', 'last': 'Doe', 'initials': 'jd'}
+        data = {'ssn': '1234567890', 'names': names}
+        serializer = PersonIdentifierSerializer(data=data)
+
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.object, data)
+        self.assertFalse(serializer.object is data)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.data['names'], names)
+
+    def test_create_partial_nested(self):
+        """Test a serializer with nested data which has missing fields."""
+        names = {'first': 'John'}
+        data = {'ssn': '1234567890', 'names': names}
+        serializer = PersonIdentifierSerializer(data=data)
+
+        expected_names = {'first': 'John', 'last': '', 'initials': ''}
+        data['names'] = expected_names
+
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.object, data)
+        self.assertFalse(serializer.object is expected_names)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.data['names'], expected_names)
+
+    def test_null_nested(self):
+        """Test a serializer with a nonexistent nested field"""
+        data = {'ssn': '1234567890'}
+        serializer = PersonIdentifierSerializer(data=data)
+
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.object, data)
+        self.assertFalse(serializer.object is data)
+        expected = {'ssn': '1234567890', 'names': None}
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.data, expected)
+
+    def test_update(self):
+        serializer = CommentSerializer(self.comment, data=self.data)
+        expected = self.comment
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.object, expected)
+        self.assertTrue(serializer.object is expected)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.data['sub_comment'], 'And Merry Christmas!')
+
+    def test_partial_update(self):
+        msg = 'Merry New Year!'
+        partial_data = {'content': msg}
+        serializer = CommentSerializer(self.comment, data=partial_data)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), False)
+        serializer = CommentSerializer(self.comment, data=partial_data, partial=True)
+        expected = self.comment
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.object, expected)
+        self.assertTrue(serializer.object is expected)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.data['content'], msg)
+
+    def test_model_fields_as_expected(self):
+        """
+        Make sure that the fields returned are the same as defined
+        in the Meta data
+        """
+        serializer = PersonSerializer(self.person)
+        self.assertEqual(set(serializer.data.keys()),
+                          set(['name', 'age', 'info']))
+
+    def test_field_with_dictionary(self):
+        """
+        Make sure that dictionaries from fields are left intact
+        """
+        serializer = PersonSerializer(self.person)
+        expected = self.person_data
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.data['info'], expected)
+
+    def test_read_only_fields(self):
+        """
+        Attempting to update fields set as read_only should have no effect.
+        """
+        serializer = PersonSerializer(self.person, data={'name': 'dwight', 'age': 99})
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+        instance = serializer.save()
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.errors, {})
+        # Assert age is unchanged (35)
+        self.assertEqual(instance.age, self.person_data['age'])
+
+    def test_invalid_read_only_fields(self):
+        """
+        Regression test for #652.
+        """
+        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, PersonSerializerInvalidReadOnly, [])
+
+    def test_serializer_data_is_cleared_on_save(self):
+        """
+        Check _data attribute is cleared on `save()`
+
+        Regression test for #1116
+            — id field is not populated if `data` is accessed prior to `save()`
+        """
+        serializer = ActionItemSerializer(self.actionitem)
+        self.assertIsNone(serializer.data.get('id',None), 'New instance. `id` should not be set.')
+        serializer.save()
+        self.assertIsNotNone(serializer.data.get('id',None), 'Model is saved. `id` should be set.')
+
+    def test_fields_marked_as_not_required_are_excluded_from_validation(self):
+        """
+        Check that fields with `required=False` are included in list of exclusions.
+        """
+        serializer = ActionItemSerializerOptionalFields(self.actionitem)
+        exclusions = serializer.get_validation_exclusions()
+        self.assertTrue('title' in exclusions, '`title` field was marked `required=False` and should be excluded')
+
+
+class DictStyleSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
+    """
+    Note that we don't have any `restore_object` method, so the default
+    case of simply returning a dict will apply.
+    """
+    email = serializers.EmailField()
+
+
+class DictStyleSerializerTests(TestCase):
+    def test_dict_style_deserialize(self):
+        """
+        Ensure serializers can deserialize into a dict.
+        """
+        data = {'email': 'foo@example.com'}
+        serializer = DictStyleSerializer(data=data)
+        self.assertTrue(serializer.is_valid())
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.data, data)
+
+    def test_dict_style_serialize(self):
+        """
+        Ensure serializers can serialize dict objects.
+        """
+        data = {'email': 'foo@example.com'}
+        serializer = DictStyleSerializer(data)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.data, data)
+
+
+class ValidationTests(TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.comment = Comment(
+            'tom@example.com',
+            'Happy new year!',
+            datetime.datetime(2012, 1, 1)
+        )
+        self.data = {
+            'email': 'tom@example.com',
+            'content': 'x' * 1001,
+            'created': datetime.datetime(2012, 1, 1)
+        }
+        self.actionitem = ActionItem(title='Some to do item',)
+
+    def test_create(self):
+        serializer = CommentSerializer(data=self.data)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), False)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.errors, {'content': ['Ensure this value has at most 1000 characters (it has 1001).']})
+
+    def test_update(self):
+        serializer = CommentSerializer(self.comment, data=self.data)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), False)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.errors, {'content': ['Ensure this value has at most 1000 characters (it has 1001).']})
+
+    def test_update_missing_field(self):
+        data = {
+            'content': 'xxx',
+            'created': datetime.datetime(2012, 1, 1)
+        }
+        serializer = CommentSerializer(self.comment, data=data)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), False)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.errors, {'email': ['This field is required.']})
+
+    def test_missing_bool_with_default(self):
+        """Make sure that a boolean value with a 'False' value is not
+        mistaken for not having a default."""
+        data = {
+            'title': 'Some action item',
+            #No 'done' value.
+        }
+        serializer = ActionItemSerializer(self.actionitem, data=data)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.errors, {})
+
+    def test_cross_field_validation(self):
+
+        class CommentSerializerWithCrossFieldValidator(CommentSerializer):
+
+            def validate(self, attrs):
+                if attrs["email"] not in attrs["content"]:
+                    raise serializers.ValidationError("Email address not in content")
+                return attrs
+
+        data = {
+            'email': 'tom@example.com',
+            'content': 'A comment from tom@example.com',
+            'created': datetime.datetime(2012, 1, 1)
+        }
+
+        serializer = CommentSerializerWithCrossFieldValidator(data=data)
+        self.assertTrue(serializer.is_valid())
+
+        data['content'] = 'A comment from foo@bar.com'
+
+        serializer = CommentSerializerWithCrossFieldValidator(data=data)
+        self.assertFalse(serializer.is_valid())
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.errors, {'non_field_errors': ['Email address not in content']})
+
+    def test_null_is_true_fields(self):
+        """
+        Omitting a value for null-field should validate.
+        """
+        serializer = PersonSerializer(data={'name': 'marko'})
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.errors, {})
+
+    def test_modelserializer_max_length_exceeded(self):
+        data = {
+            'title': 'x' * 201,
+        }
+        serializer = ActionItemSerializer(data=data)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), False)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.errors, {'title': ['Ensure this value has at most 200 characters (it has 201).']})
+
+    def test_modelserializer_max_length_exceeded_with_custom_restore(self):
+        """
+        When overriding ModelSerializer.restore_object, validation tests should still apply.
+        Regression test for #623.
+
+        https://github.com/tomchristie/django-rest-framework/pull/623
+        """
+        data = {
+            'title': 'x' * 201,
+        }
+        serializer = ActionItemSerializerCustomRestore(data=data)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), False)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.errors, {'title': ['Ensure this value has at most 200 characters (it has 201).']})
+
+    def test_default_modelfield_max_length_exceeded(self):
+        data = {
+            'title': 'Testing "info" field...',
+            'info': 'x' * 13,
+        }
+        serializer = ActionItemSerializer(data=data)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), False)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.errors, {'info': ['Ensure this value has at most 12 characters (it has 13).']})
+
+    def test_datetime_validation_failure(self):
+        """
+        Test DateTimeField validation errors on non-str values.
+        Regression test for #669.
+
+        https://github.com/tomchristie/django-rest-framework/issues/669
+        """
+        data = self.data
+        data['created'] = 0
+
+        serializer = CommentSerializer(data=data)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), False)
+
+        self.assertIn('created', serializer.errors)
+
+    def test_missing_model_field_exception_msg(self):
+        """
+        Assert that a meaningful exception message is outputted when the model
+        field is missing (e.g. when mistyping ``model``).
+        """
+        class BrokenModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+            class Meta:
+                fields = ['some_field']
+
+        try:
+            BrokenModelSerializer()
+        except AssertionError as e:
+            self.assertEqual(e.args[0], "Serializer class 'BrokenModelSerializer' is missing 'model' Meta option")
+        except:
+            self.fail('Wrong exception type thrown.')
+
+    def test_writable_star_source_on_nested_serializer(self):
+        """
+        Assert that a nested serializer instantiated with source='*' correctly
+        expands the data into the outer serializer.
+        """
+        serializer = ModelSerializerWithNestedSerializer(data={
+            'name': 'marko',
+            'nested': {'info': 'hi'}},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+
+    def test_writable_star_source_with_inner_source_fields(self):
+        """
+        Tests that a serializer with source="*" correctly expands the
+        it's fields into the outer serializer even if they have their
+        own 'source' parameters.
+        """
+
+        serializer = ModelSerializerWithNestedSerializerWithRenamedField(data={
+            'name': 'marko',
+            'nested': {'renamed_info': 'hi'}},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.errors, {})
+
+
+class CustomValidationTests(TestCase):
+    class CommentSerializerWithFieldValidator(CommentSerializer):
+
+        def validate_email(self, attrs, source):
+            attrs[source]
+            return attrs
+
+        def validate_content(self, attrs, source):
+            value = attrs[source]
+            if "test" not in value:
+                raise serializers.ValidationError("Test not in value")
+            return attrs
+
+    def test_field_validation(self):
+        data = {
+            'email': 'tom@example.com',
+            'content': 'A test comment',
+            'created': datetime.datetime(2012, 1, 1)
+        }
+
+        serializer = self.CommentSerializerWithFieldValidator(data=data)
+        self.assertTrue(serializer.is_valid())
+
+        data['content'] = 'This should not validate'
+
+        serializer = self.CommentSerializerWithFieldValidator(data=data)
+        self.assertFalse(serializer.is_valid())
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.errors, {'content': ['Test not in value']})
+
+    def test_missing_data(self):
+        """
+        Make sure that validate_content isn't called if the field is missing
+        """
+        incomplete_data = {
+            'email': 'tom@example.com',
+            'created': datetime.datetime(2012, 1, 1)
+        }
+        serializer = self.CommentSerializerWithFieldValidator(data=incomplete_data)
+        self.assertFalse(serializer.is_valid())
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.errors, {'content': ['This field is required.']})
+
+    def test_wrong_data(self):
+        """
+        Make sure that validate_content isn't called if the field input is wrong
+        """
+        wrong_data = {
+            'email': 'not an email',
+            'content': 'A test comment',
+            'created': datetime.datetime(2012, 1, 1)
+        }
+        serializer = self.CommentSerializerWithFieldValidator(data=wrong_data)
+        self.assertFalse(serializer.is_valid())
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.errors, {'email': ['Enter a valid email address.']})
+
+    def test_partial_update(self):
+        """
+        Make sure that validate_email isn't called when partial=True and email
+        isn't found in data.
+        """
+        initial_data = {
+            'email': 'tom@example.com',
+            'content': 'A test comment',
+            'created': datetime.datetime(2012, 1, 1)
+        }
+
+        serializer = self.CommentSerializerWithFieldValidator(data=initial_data)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+        instance = serializer.object
+
+        new_content = 'An *updated* test comment'
+        partial_data = {
+            'content': new_content
+        }
+
+        serializer = self.CommentSerializerWithFieldValidator(instance=instance,
+                                                              data=partial_data,
+                                                              partial=True)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+        instance = serializer.object
+        self.assertEqual(instance.content, new_content)
+
+
+class PositiveIntegerAsChoiceTests(TestCase):
+    def test_positive_integer_in_json_is_correctly_parsed(self):
+        data = {'some_integer': 1}
+        serializer = PositiveIntegerAsChoiceSerializer(data=data)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+
+
+class ModelValidationTests(TestCase):
+    def test_validate_unique(self):
+        """
+        Just check if serializers.ModelSerializer handles unique checks via .full_clean()
+        """
+        serializer = AlbumsSerializer(data={'title': 'a'})
+        serializer.is_valid()
+        serializer.save()
+        second_serializer = AlbumsSerializer(data={'title': 'a'})
+        self.assertFalse(second_serializer.is_valid())
+        self.assertEqual(second_serializer.errors,  {'title': ['Album with this Title already exists.']})
+
+    def test_foreign_key_is_null_with_partial(self):
+        """
+        Test ModelSerializer validation with partial=True
+
+        Specifically test that a null foreign key does not pass validation
+        """
+        album = Album(title='test')
+        album.save()
+
+        class PhotoSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+            class Meta:
+                model = Photo
+
+        photo_serializer = PhotoSerializer(data={'description': 'test', 'album': album.pk})
+        self.assertTrue(photo_serializer.is_valid())
+        photo = photo_serializer.save()
+
+        # Updating only the album (foreign key)
+        photo_serializer = PhotoSerializer(instance=photo, data={'album': ''}, partial=True)
+        self.assertFalse(photo_serializer.is_valid())
+        self.assertTrue('album' in photo_serializer.errors)
+        self.assertEqual(photo_serializer.errors['album'], photo_serializer.error_messages['required'])
+
+    def test_foreign_key_with_partial(self):
+        """
+        Test ModelSerializer validation with partial=True
+
+        Specifically test foreign key validation.
+        """
+
+        album = Album(title='test')
+        album.save()
+
+        class PhotoSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+            class Meta:
+                model = Photo
+
+        photo_serializer = PhotoSerializer(data={'description': 'test', 'album': album.pk})
+        self.assertTrue(photo_serializer.is_valid())
+        photo = photo_serializer.save()
+
+        # Updating only the album (foreign key)
+        photo_serializer = PhotoSerializer(instance=photo, data={'album': album.pk}, partial=True)
+        self.assertTrue(photo_serializer.is_valid())
+        self.assertTrue(photo_serializer.save())
+
+        # Updating only the description
+        photo_serializer = PhotoSerializer(instance=photo,
+                                           data={'description': 'new'},
+                                           partial=True)
+
+        self.assertTrue(photo_serializer.is_valid())
+        self.assertTrue(photo_serializer.save())
+
+
+class RegexValidationTest(TestCase):
+    def test_create_failed(self):
+        serializer = BookSerializer(data={'isbn': '1234567890'})
+        self.assertFalse(serializer.is_valid())
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.errors, {'isbn': ['isbn has to be exact 13 numbers']})
+
+        serializer = BookSerializer(data={'isbn': '12345678901234'})
+        self.assertFalse(serializer.is_valid())
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.errors, {'isbn': ['isbn has to be exact 13 numbers']})
+
+        serializer = BookSerializer(data={'isbn': 'abcdefghijklm'})
+        self.assertFalse(serializer.is_valid())
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.errors, {'isbn': ['isbn has to be exact 13 numbers']})
+
+    def test_create_success(self):
+        serializer = BookSerializer(data={'isbn': '1234567890123'})
+        self.assertTrue(serializer.is_valid())
+
+
+class MetadataTests(TestCase):
+    def test_empty(self):
+        serializer = CommentSerializer()
+        expected = {
+            'email': serializers.CharField,
+            'content': serializers.CharField,
+            'created': serializers.DateTimeField
+        }
+        for field_name, field in expected.items():
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(serializer.data.fields[field_name], field))
+
+
+class ManyToManyTests(TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        class ManyToManySerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+            class Meta:
+                model = ManyToManyModel
+
+        self.serializer_class = ManyToManySerializer
+
+        # An anchor instance to use for the relationship
+        self.anchor = Anchor()
+        self.anchor.save()
+
+        # A model instance with a many to many relationship to the anchor
+        self.instance = ManyToManyModel()
+        self.instance.save()
+        self.instance.rel.add(self.anchor)
+
+        # A serialized representation of the model instance
+        self.data = {'id': 1, 'rel': [self.anchor.id]}
+
+    def test_retrieve(self):
+        """
+        Serialize an instance of a model with a ManyToMany relationship.
+        """
+        serializer = self.serializer_class(instance=self.instance)
+        expected = self.data
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.data, expected)
+
+    def test_create(self):
+        """
+        Create an instance of a model with a ManyToMany relationship.
+        """
+        data = {'rel': [self.anchor.id]}
+        serializer = self.serializer_class(data=data)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+        instance = serializer.save()
+        self.assertEqual(len(ManyToManyModel.objects.all()), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(instance.pk, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(list(instance.rel.all()), [self.anchor])
+
+    def test_update(self):
+        """
+        Update an instance of a model with a ManyToMany relationship.
+        """
+        new_anchor = Anchor()
+        new_anchor.save()
+        data = {'rel': [self.anchor.id, new_anchor.id]}
+        serializer = self.serializer_class(self.instance, data=data)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+        instance = serializer.save()
+        self.assertEqual(len(ManyToManyModel.objects.all()), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(instance.pk, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(list(instance.rel.all()), [self.anchor, new_anchor])
+
+    def test_create_empty_relationship(self):
+        """
+        Create an instance of a model with a ManyToMany relationship,
+        containing no items.
+        """
+        data = {'rel': []}
+        serializer = self.serializer_class(data=data)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+        instance = serializer.save()
+        self.assertEqual(len(ManyToManyModel.objects.all()), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(instance.pk, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(list(instance.rel.all()), [])
+
+    def test_update_empty_relationship(self):
+        """
+        Update an instance of a model with a ManyToMany relationship,
+        containing no items.
+        """
+        new_anchor = Anchor()
+        new_anchor.save()
+        data = {'rel': []}
+        serializer = self.serializer_class(self.instance, data=data)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+        instance = serializer.save()
+        self.assertEqual(len(ManyToManyModel.objects.all()), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(instance.pk, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(list(instance.rel.all()), [])
+
+    def test_create_empty_relationship_flat_data(self):
+        """
+        Create an instance of a model with a ManyToMany relationship,
+        containing no items, using a representation that does not support
+        lists (eg form data).
+        """
+        data = MultiValueDict()
+        data.setlist('rel', [''])
+        serializer = self.serializer_class(data=data)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+        instance = serializer.save()
+        self.assertEqual(len(ManyToManyModel.objects.all()), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(instance.pk, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(list(instance.rel.all()), [])
+
+
+class ReadOnlyManyToManyTests(TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        class ReadOnlyManyToManySerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+            rel = serializers.RelatedField(many=True, read_only=True)
+
+            class Meta:
+                model = ReadOnlyManyToManyModel
+
+        self.serializer_class = ReadOnlyManyToManySerializer
+
+        # An anchor instance to use for the relationship
+        self.anchor = Anchor()
+        self.anchor.save()
+
+        # A model instance with a many to many relationship to the anchor
+        self.instance = ReadOnlyManyToManyModel()
+        self.instance.save()
+        self.instance.rel.add(self.anchor)
+
+        # A serialized representation of the model instance
+        self.data = {'rel': [self.anchor.id], 'id': 1, 'text': 'anchor'}
+
+    def test_update(self):
+        """
+        Attempt to update an instance of a model with a ManyToMany
+        relationship.  Not updated due to read_only=True
+        """
+        new_anchor = Anchor()
+        new_anchor.save()
+        data = {'rel': [self.anchor.id, new_anchor.id]}
+        serializer = self.serializer_class(self.instance, data=data)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+        instance = serializer.save()
+        self.assertEqual(len(ReadOnlyManyToManyModel.objects.all()), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(instance.pk, 1)
+        # rel is still as original (1 entry)
+        self.assertEqual(list(instance.rel.all()), [self.anchor])
+
+    def test_update_without_relationship(self):
+        """
+        Attempt to update an instance of a model where many to ManyToMany
+        relationship is not supplied.  Not updated due to read_only=True
+        """
+        new_anchor = Anchor()
+        new_anchor.save()
+        data = {}
+        serializer = self.serializer_class(self.instance, data=data)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+        instance = serializer.save()
+        self.assertEqual(len(ReadOnlyManyToManyModel.objects.all()), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(instance.pk, 1)
+        # rel is still as original (1 entry)
+        self.assertEqual(list(instance.rel.all()), [self.anchor])
+
+
+class DefaultValueTests(TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        class DefaultValueSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+            class Meta:
+                model = DefaultValueModel
+
+        self.serializer_class = DefaultValueSerializer
+        self.objects = DefaultValueModel.objects
+
+    def test_create_using_default(self):
+        data = {}
+        serializer = self.serializer_class(data=data)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+        instance = serializer.save()
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.objects.all()), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(instance.pk, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(instance.text, 'foobar')
+
+    def test_create_overriding_default(self):
+        data = {'text': 'overridden'}
+        serializer = self.serializer_class(data=data)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+        instance = serializer.save()
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.objects.all()), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(instance.pk, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(instance.text, 'overridden')
+
+    def test_partial_update_default(self):
+        """ Regression test for issue #532 """
+        data = {'text': 'overridden'}
+        serializer = self.serializer_class(data=data, partial=True)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+        instance = serializer.save()
+
+        data = {'extra': 'extra_value'}
+        serializer = self.serializer_class(instance=instance, data=data, partial=True)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+        instance = serializer.save()
+
+        self.assertEqual(instance.extra, 'extra_value')
+        self.assertEqual(instance.text, 'overridden')
+
+
+class CallableDefaultValueTests(TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        class CallableDefaultValueSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+            class Meta:
+                model = CallableDefaultValueModel
+
+        self.serializer_class = CallableDefaultValueSerializer
+        self.objects = CallableDefaultValueModel.objects
+
+    def test_create_using_default(self):
+        data = {}
+        serializer = self.serializer_class(data=data)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+        instance = serializer.save()
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.objects.all()), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(instance.pk, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(instance.text, 'foobar')
+
+    def test_create_overriding_default(self):
+        data = {'text': 'overridden'}
+        serializer = self.serializer_class(data=data)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+        instance = serializer.save()
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.objects.all()), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(instance.pk, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(instance.text, 'overridden')
+
+
+class ManyRelatedTests(TestCase):
+    def test_reverse_relations(self):
+        post = BlogPost.objects.create(title="Test blog post")
+        post.blogpostcomment_set.create(text="I hate this blog post")
+        post.blogpostcomment_set.create(text="I love this blog post")
+
+        class BlogPostCommentSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
+            text = serializers.CharField()
+
+        class BlogPostSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
+            title = serializers.CharField()
+            comments = BlogPostCommentSerializer(source='blogpostcomment_set')
+
+        serializer = BlogPostSerializer(instance=post)
+        expected = {
+            'title': 'Test blog post',
+            'comments': [
+                {'text': 'I hate this blog post'},
+                {'text': 'I love this blog post'}
+            ]
+        }
+
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.data, expected)
+
+    def test_include_reverse_relations(self):
+        post = BlogPost.objects.create(title="Test blog post")
+        post.blogpostcomment_set.create(text="I hate this blog post")
+        post.blogpostcomment_set.create(text="I love this blog post")
+
+        class BlogPostSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+            class Meta:
+                model = BlogPost
+                fields = ('id', 'title', 'blogpostcomment_set')
+
+        serializer = BlogPostSerializer(instance=post)
+        expected = {
+            'id': 1, 'title': 'Test blog post', 'blogpostcomment_set': [1, 2]
+        }
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.data, expected)
+
+    def test_depth_include_reverse_relations(self):
+        post = BlogPost.objects.create(title="Test blog post")
+        post.blogpostcomment_set.create(text="I hate this blog post")
+        post.blogpostcomment_set.create(text="I love this blog post")
+
+        class BlogPostSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+            class Meta:
+                model = BlogPost
+                fields = ('id', 'title', 'blogpostcomment_set')
+                depth = 1
+
+        serializer = BlogPostSerializer(instance=post)
+        expected = {
+            'id': 1, 'title': 'Test blog post',
+            'blogpostcomment_set': [
+                {'id': 1, 'text': 'I hate this blog post', 'blog_post': 1},
+                {'id': 2, 'text': 'I love this blog post', 'blog_post': 1}
+            ]
+        }
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.data, expected)
+
+    def test_callable_source(self):
+        post = BlogPost.objects.create(title="Test blog post")
+        post.blogpostcomment_set.create(text="I love this blog post")
+
+        class BlogPostCommentSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
+            text = serializers.CharField()
+
+        class BlogPostSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
+            title = serializers.CharField()
+            first_comment = BlogPostCommentSerializer(source='get_first_comment')
+
+        serializer = BlogPostSerializer(post)
+
+        expected = {
+            'title': 'Test blog post',
+            'first_comment': {'text': 'I love this blog post'}
+        }
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.data, expected)
+
+
+class RelatedTraversalTest(TestCase):
+    def test_nested_traversal(self):
+        """
+        Source argument should support dotted.source notation.
+        """
+        user = Person.objects.create(name="django")
+        post = BlogPost.objects.create(title="Test blog post", writer=user)
+        post.blogpostcomment_set.create(text="I love this blog post")
+
+        class PersonSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+            class Meta:
+                model = Person
+                fields = ("name", "age")
+
+        class BlogPostCommentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+            class Meta:
+                model = BlogPostComment
+                fields = ("text", "post_owner")
+
+            text = serializers.CharField()
+            post_owner = PersonSerializer(source='blog_post.writer')
+
+        class BlogPostSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
+            title = serializers.CharField()
+            comments = BlogPostCommentSerializer(source='blogpostcomment_set')
+
+        serializer = BlogPostSerializer(instance=post)
+
+        expected = {
+            'title': 'Test blog post',
+            'comments': [{
+                'text': 'I love this blog post',
+                'post_owner': {
+                    "name": "django",
+                    "age": None
+                }
+            }]
+        }
+
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.data, expected)
+
+    def test_nested_traversal_with_none(self):
+        """
+        If a component of the dotted.source is None, return None for the field.
+        """
+        from tests.models import NullableForeignKeySource
+        instance = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.create(name='Source with null FK')
+
+        class NullableSourceSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
+            target_name = serializers.Field(source='target.name')
+
+        serializer = NullableSourceSerializer(instance=instance)
+
+        expected = {
+            'target_name': None,
+        }
+
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.data, expected)
+
+
+class SerializerMethodFieldTests(TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+
+        class BoopSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
+            beep = serializers.SerializerMethodField('get_beep')
+            boop = serializers.Field()
+            boop_count = serializers.SerializerMethodField('get_boop_count')
+
+            def get_beep(self, obj):
+                return 'hello!'
+
+            def get_boop_count(self, obj):
+                return len(obj.boop)
+
+        self.serializer_class = BoopSerializer
+
+    def test_serializer_method_field(self):
+
+        class MyModel(object):
+            boop = ['a', 'b', 'c']
+
+        source_data = MyModel()
+
+        serializer = self.serializer_class(source_data)
+
+        expected = {
+            'beep': 'hello!',
+            'boop': ['a', 'b', 'c'],
+            'boop_count': 3,
+        }
+
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.data, expected)
+
+
+# Test for issue #324
+class BlankFieldTests(TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+
+        class BlankFieldModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+            class Meta:
+                model = BlankFieldModel
+
+        class BlankFieldSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
+            title = serializers.CharField(required=False)
+
+        class NotBlankFieldModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+            class Meta:
+                model = BasicModel
+
+        class NotBlankFieldSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
+            title = serializers.CharField()
+
+        self.model_serializer_class = BlankFieldModelSerializer
+        self.serializer_class = BlankFieldSerializer
+        self.not_blank_model_serializer_class = NotBlankFieldModelSerializer
+        self.not_blank_serializer_class = NotBlankFieldSerializer
+        self.data = {'title': ''}
+
+    def test_create_blank_field(self):
+        serializer = self.serializer_class(data=self.data)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+
+    def test_create_model_blank_field(self):
+        serializer = self.model_serializer_class(data=self.data)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+
+    def test_create_model_null_field(self):
+        serializer = self.model_serializer_class(data={'title': None})
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+
+    def test_create_not_blank_field(self):
+        """
+        Test to ensure blank data in a field not marked as blank=True
+        is considered invalid in a non-model serializer
+        """
+        serializer = self.not_blank_serializer_class(data=self.data)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), False)
+
+    def test_create_model_not_blank_field(self):
+        """
+        Test to ensure blank data in a field not marked as blank=True
+        is considered invalid in a model serializer
+        """
+        serializer = self.not_blank_model_serializer_class(data=self.data)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), False)
+
+    def test_create_model_empty_field(self):
+        serializer = self.model_serializer_class(data={})
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+
+
+#test for issue #460
+class SerializerPickleTests(TestCase):
+    """
+    Test pickleability of the output of Serializers
+    """
+    def test_pickle_simple_model_serializer_data(self):
+        """
+        Test simple serializer
+        """
+        pickle.dumps(PersonSerializer(Person(name="Methusela", age=969)).data)
+
+    def test_pickle_inner_serializer(self):
+        """
+        Test pickling a serializer whose resulting .data (a SortedDictWithMetadata) will
+        have unpickleable meta data--in order to make sure metadata doesn't get pulled into the pickle.
+        See DictWithMetadata.__getstate__
+        """
+        class InnerPersonSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+            class Meta:
+                model = Person
+                fields = ('name', 'age')
+        pickle.dumps(InnerPersonSerializer(Person(name="Noah", age=950)).data, 0)
+
+    def test_getstate_method_should_not_return_none(self):
+        """
+        Regression test for #645.
+        """
+        data = serializers.DictWithMetadata({1: 1})
+        self.assertEqual(data.__getstate__(), serializers.SortedDict({1: 1}))
+
+    def test_serializer_data_is_pickleable(self):
+        """
+        Another regression test for #645.
+        """
+        data = serializers.SortedDictWithMetadata({1: 1})
+        repr(pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(data, 0)))
+
+
+# test for issue #725
+class SeveralChoicesModel(models.Model):
+    color = models.CharField(
+        max_length=10,
+        choices=[('red', 'Red'), ('green', 'Green'), ('blue', 'Blue')],
+        blank=False
+    )
+    drink = models.CharField(
+        max_length=10,
+        choices=[('beer', 'Beer'), ('wine', 'Wine'), ('cider', 'Cider')],
+        blank=False,
+        default='beer'
+    )
+    os = models.CharField(
+        max_length=10,
+        choices=[('linux', 'Linux'), ('osx', 'OSX'), ('windows', 'Windows')],
+        blank=True
+    )
+    music_genre = models.CharField(
+        max_length=10,
+        choices=[('rock', 'Rock'), ('metal', 'Metal'), ('grunge', 'Grunge')],
+        blank=True,
+        default='metal'
+    )
+
+
+class SerializerChoiceFields(TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(SerializerChoiceFields, self).setUp()
+
+        class SeveralChoicesSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+            class Meta:
+                model = SeveralChoicesModel
+                fields = ('color', 'drink', 'os', 'music_genre')
+
+        self.several_choices_serializer = SeveralChoicesSerializer
+
+    def test_choices_blank_false_not_default(self):
+        serializer = self.several_choices_serializer()
+        self.assertEqual(
+            serializer.fields['color'].choices,
+            [('red', 'Red'), ('green', 'Green'), ('blue', 'Blue')]
+        )
+
+    def test_choices_blank_false_with_default(self):
+        serializer = self.several_choices_serializer()
+        self.assertEqual(
+            serializer.fields['drink'].choices,
+            [('beer', 'Beer'), ('wine', 'Wine'), ('cider', 'Cider')]
+        )
+
+    def test_choices_blank_true_not_default(self):
+        serializer = self.several_choices_serializer()
+        self.assertEqual(
+            serializer.fields['os'].choices,
+            BLANK_CHOICE_DASH + [('linux', 'Linux'), ('osx', 'OSX'), ('windows', 'Windows')]
+        )
+
+    def test_choices_blank_true_with_default(self):
+        serializer = self.several_choices_serializer()
+        self.assertEqual(
+            serializer.fields['music_genre'].choices,
+            BLANK_CHOICE_DASH + [('rock', 'Rock'), ('metal', 'Metal'), ('grunge', 'Grunge')]
+        )
+
+
+# Regression tests for #675
+class Ticket(models.Model):
+    assigned = models.ForeignKey(
+        Person, related_name='assigned_tickets')
+    reviewer = models.ForeignKey(
+        Person, blank=True, null=True, related_name='reviewed_tickets')
+
+
+class SerializerRelatedChoicesTest(TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(SerializerRelatedChoicesTest, self).setUp()
+
+        class RelatedChoicesSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+            class Meta:
+                model = Ticket
+                fields = ('assigned', 'reviewer')
+
+        self.related_fields_serializer = RelatedChoicesSerializer
+
+    def test_empty_queryset_required(self):
+        serializer = self.related_fields_serializer()
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.fields['assigned'].queryset.count(), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [x for x in serializer.fields['assigned'].widget.choices],
+            []
+        )
+
+    def test_empty_queryset_not_required(self):
+        serializer = self.related_fields_serializer()
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.fields['reviewer'].queryset.count(), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [x for x in serializer.fields['reviewer'].widget.choices],
+            [('', '---------')]
+        )
+
+    def test_with_some_persons_required(self):
+        Person.objects.create(name="Lionel Messi")
+        Person.objects.create(name="Xavi Hernandez")
+        serializer = self.related_fields_serializer()
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.fields['assigned'].queryset.count(), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [x for x in serializer.fields['assigned'].widget.choices],
+            [(1, 'Person object - 1'), (2, 'Person object - 2')]
+        )
+
+    def test_with_some_persons_not_required(self):
+        Person.objects.create(name="Lionel Messi")
+        Person.objects.create(name="Xavi Hernandez")
+        serializer = self.related_fields_serializer()
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.fields['reviewer'].queryset.count(), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [x for x in serializer.fields['reviewer'].widget.choices],
+            [('', '---------'), (1, 'Person object - 1'), (2, 'Person object - 2')]
+        )
+
+
+class DepthTest(TestCase):
+    def test_implicit_nesting(self):
+
+        writer = Person.objects.create(name="django", age=1)
+        post = BlogPost.objects.create(title="Test blog post", writer=writer)
+        comment = BlogPostComment.objects.create(text="Test blog post comment", blog_post=post)
+
+        class BlogPostCommentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+            class Meta:
+                model = BlogPostComment
+                depth = 2
+
+        serializer = BlogPostCommentSerializer(instance=comment)
+        expected = {'id': 1, 'text': 'Test blog post comment', 'blog_post': {'id': 1, 'title': 'Test blog post',
+                    'writer': {'id': 1, 'name': 'django', 'age': 1}}}
+
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.data, expected)
+
+    def test_explicit_nesting(self):
+        writer = Person.objects.create(name="django", age=1)
+        post = BlogPost.objects.create(title="Test blog post", writer=writer)
+        comment = BlogPostComment.objects.create(text="Test blog post comment", blog_post=post)
+
+        class PersonSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+            class Meta:
+                model = Person
+
+        class BlogPostSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+            writer = PersonSerializer()
+
+            class Meta:
+                model = BlogPost
+
+        class BlogPostCommentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+            blog_post = BlogPostSerializer()
+
+            class Meta:
+                model = BlogPostComment
+
+        serializer = BlogPostCommentSerializer(instance=comment)
+        expected = {'id': 1, 'text': 'Test blog post comment', 'blog_post': {'id': 1, 'title': 'Test blog post',
+                    'writer': {'id': 1, 'name': 'django', 'age': 1}}}
+
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.data, expected)
+
+
+class NestedSerializerContextTests(TestCase):
+
+    def test_nested_serializer_context(self):
+        """
+        Regression for #497
+
+        https://github.com/tomchristie/django-rest-framework/issues/497
+        """
+        class PhotoSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+            class Meta:
+                model = Photo
+                fields = ("description", "callable")
+
+            callable = serializers.SerializerMethodField('_callable')
+
+            def _callable(self, instance):
+                if not 'context_item' in self.context:
+                    raise RuntimeError("context isn't getting passed into 2nd level nested serializer")
+                return "success"
+
+        class AlbumSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+            class Meta:
+                model = Album
+                fields = ("photo_set", "callable")
+
+            photo_set = PhotoSerializer(source="photo_set")
+            callable = serializers.SerializerMethodField("_callable")
+
+            def _callable(self, instance):
+                if not 'context_item' in self.context:
+                    raise RuntimeError("context isn't getting passed into 1st level nested serializer")
+                return "success"
+
+        class AlbumCollection(object):
+            albums = None
+
+        class AlbumCollectionSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
+            albums = AlbumSerializer(source="albums")
+
+        album1 = Album.objects.create(title="album 1")
+        album2 = Album.objects.create(title="album 2")
+        Photo.objects.create(description="Bigfoot", album=album1)
+        Photo.objects.create(description="Unicorn", album=album1)
+        Photo.objects.create(description="Yeti", album=album2)
+        Photo.objects.create(description="Sasquatch", album=album2)
+        album_collection = AlbumCollection()
+        album_collection.albums = [album1, album2]
+
+        # This will raise RuntimeError if context doesn't get passed correctly to the nested Serializers
+        AlbumCollectionSerializer(album_collection, context={'context_item': 'album context'}).data
+
+
+class DeserializeListTestCase(TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.data = {
+            'email': 'nobody@nowhere.com',
+            'content': 'This is some test content',
+            'created': datetime.datetime(2013, 3, 7),
+        }
+
+    def test_no_errors(self):
+        data = [self.data.copy() for x in range(0, 3)]
+        serializer = CommentSerializer(data=data, many=True)
+        self.assertTrue(serializer.is_valid())
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(serializer.object, list))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            all((isinstance(item, Comment) for item in serializer.object))
+        )
+
+    def test_errors_return_as_list(self):
+        invalid_item = self.data.copy()
+        invalid_item['email'] = ''
+        data = [self.data.copy(), invalid_item, self.data.copy()]
+
+        serializer = CommentSerializer(data=data, many=True)
+        self.assertFalse(serializer.is_valid())
+        expected = [{}, {'email': ['This field is required.']}, {}]
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.errors, expected)
+
+
+# Test for issue 747
+
+class LazyStringModel(object):
+    def __init__(self, lazystring):
+        self.lazystring = lazystring
+
+
+class LazyStringSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
+    lazystring = serializers.Field()
+
+    def restore_object(self, attrs, instance=None):
+        if instance is not None:
+            instance.lazystring = attrs.get('lazystring', instance.lazystring)
+            return instance
+        return LazyStringModel(**attrs)
+
+
+class LazyStringsTestCase(TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.model = LazyStringModel(lazystring=_('lazystring'))
+
+    def test_lazy_strings_are_translated(self):
+        serializer = LazyStringSerializer(self.model)
+        self.assertEqual(type(serializer.data['lazystring']),
+                         type('lazystring'))
+
+
+# Test for issue #467
+
+class FieldLabelTest(TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.serializer_class = BasicModelSerializer
+
+    def test_label_from_model(self):
+        """
+        Validates that label and help_text are correctly copied from the model class.
+        """
+        serializer = self.serializer_class()
+        text_field = serializer.fields['text']
+
+        self.assertEqual('Text comes here', text_field.label)
+        self.assertEqual('Text description.', text_field.help_text)
+
+    def test_field_ctor(self):
+        """
+        This is check that ctor supports both label and help_text.
+        """
+        self.assertEqual('Label', fields.Field(label='Label', help_text='Help').label)
+        self.assertEqual('Help', fields.CharField(label='Label', help_text='Help').help_text)
+        self.assertEqual('Label', relations.HyperlinkedRelatedField(view_name='fake', label='Label', help_text='Help', many=True).label)
+
+
+# Test for issue #961
+
+class ManyFieldHelpTextTest(TestCase):
+    def test_help_text_no_hold_down_control_msg(self):
+        """
+        Validate that help_text doesn't contain the 'Hold down "Control" ...'
+        message that Django appends to choice fields.
+        """
+        rel_field = fields.Field(help_text=ManyToManyModel._meta.get_field('rel').help_text)
+        self.assertEqual('Some help text.', rel_field.help_text)
+
+
+class AttributeMappingOnAutogeneratedFieldsTests(TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        class AMOAFModel(RESTFrameworkModel):
+            char_field = models.CharField(max_length=1024, blank=True)
+            comma_separated_integer_field = models.CommaSeparatedIntegerField(max_length=1024, blank=True)
+            decimal_field = models.DecimalField(max_digits=64, decimal_places=32, blank=True)
+            email_field = models.EmailField(max_length=1024, blank=True)
+            file_field = models.FileField(max_length=1024, blank=True)
+            image_field = models.ImageField(max_length=1024, blank=True)
+            slug_field = models.SlugField(max_length=1024, blank=True)
+            url_field = models.URLField(max_length=1024, blank=True)
+
+        class AMOAFSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+            class Meta:
+                model = AMOAFModel
+
+        self.serializer_class = AMOAFSerializer
+        self.fields_attributes = {
+            'char_field': [
+                ('max_length', 1024),
+            ],
+            'comma_separated_integer_field': [
+                ('max_length', 1024),
+            ],
+            'decimal_field': [
+                ('max_digits', 64),
+                ('decimal_places', 32),
+            ],
+            'email_field': [
+                ('max_length', 1024),
+            ],
+            'file_field': [
+                ('max_length', 1024),
+            ],
+            'image_field': [
+                ('max_length', 1024),
+            ],
+            'slug_field': [
+                ('max_length', 1024),
+            ],
+            'url_field': [
+                ('max_length', 1024),
+            ],
+        }
+
+    def field_test(self, field):
+        serializer = self.serializer_class(data={})
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+
+        for attribute in self.fields_attributes[field]:
+            self.assertEqual(
+                getattr(serializer.fields[field], attribute[0]),
+                attribute[1]
+            )
+
+    def test_char_field(self):
+        self.field_test('char_field')
+
+    def test_comma_separated_integer_field(self):
+        self.field_test('comma_separated_integer_field')
+
+    def test_decimal_field(self):
+        self.field_test('decimal_field')
+
+    def test_email_field(self):
+        self.field_test('email_field')
+
+    def test_file_field(self):
+        self.field_test('file_field')
+
+    def test_image_field(self):
+        self.field_test('image_field')
+
+    def test_slug_field(self):
+        self.field_test('slug_field')
+
+    def test_url_field(self):
+        self.field_test('url_field')
+
+
+class DefaultValuesOnAutogeneratedFieldsTests(TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        class DVOAFModel(RESTFrameworkModel):
+            positive_integer_field = models.PositiveIntegerField(blank=True)
+            positive_small_integer_field = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(blank=True)
+            email_field = models.EmailField(blank=True)
+            file_field = models.FileField(blank=True)
+            image_field = models.ImageField(blank=True)
+            slug_field = models.SlugField(blank=True)
+            url_field = models.URLField(blank=True)
+
+        class DVOAFSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+            class Meta:
+                model = DVOAFModel
+
+        self.serializer_class = DVOAFSerializer
+        self.fields_attributes = {
+            'positive_integer_field': [
+                ('min_value', 0),
+            ],
+            'positive_small_integer_field': [
+                ('min_value', 0),
+            ],
+            'email_field': [
+                ('max_length', 75),
+            ],
+            'file_field': [
+                ('max_length', 100),
+            ],
+            'image_field': [
+                ('max_length', 100),
+            ],
+            'slug_field': [
+                ('max_length', 50),
+            ],
+            'url_field': [
+                ('max_length', 200),
+            ],
+        }
+
+    def field_test(self, field):
+        serializer = self.serializer_class(data={})
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+
+        for attribute in self.fields_attributes[field]:
+            self.assertEqual(
+                getattr(serializer.fields[field], attribute[0]),
+                attribute[1]
+            )
+
+    def test_positive_integer_field(self):
+        self.field_test('positive_integer_field')
+
+    def test_positive_small_integer_field(self):
+        self.field_test('positive_small_integer_field')
+
+    def test_email_field(self):
+        self.field_test('email_field')
+
+    def test_file_field(self):
+        self.field_test('file_field')
+
+    def test_image_field(self):
+        self.field_test('image_field')
+
+    def test_slug_field(self):
+        self.field_test('slug_field')
+
+    def test_url_field(self):
+        self.field_test('url_field')
+
+
+class MetadataSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
+    field1 = serializers.CharField(3, required=True)
+    field2 = serializers.CharField(10, required=False)
+
+
+class MetadataSerializerTestCase(TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.serializer = MetadataSerializer()
+
+    def test_serializer_metadata(self):
+        metadata = self.serializer.metadata()
+        expected = {
+            'field1': {
+                'required': True,
+                'max_length': 3,
+                'type': 'string',
+                'read_only': False
+            },
+            'field2': {
+                'required': False,
+                'max_length': 10,
+                'type': 'string',
+                'read_only': False
+            }
+        }
+        self.assertEqual(expected, metadata)
+
+
+### Regression test for #840
+
+class SimpleModel(models.Model):
+    text = models.CharField(max_length=100)
+
+
+class SimpleModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+    text = serializers.CharField()
+    other = serializers.CharField()
+
+    class Meta:
+        model = SimpleModel
+
+    def validate_other(self, attrs, source):
+        del attrs['other']
+        return attrs
+
+
+class FieldValidationRemovingAttr(TestCase):
+    def test_removing_non_model_field_in_validation(self):
+        """
+        Removing an attr during field valiation should ensure that it is not
+        passed through when restoring the object.
+
+        This allows additional non-model fields to be supported.
+
+        Regression test for #840.
+        """
+        serializer = SimpleModelSerializer(data={'text': 'foo', 'other': 'bar'})
+        self.assertTrue(serializer.is_valid())
+        serializer.save()
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.object.text, 'foo')
+
+
+### Regression test for #878
+
+class SimpleTargetModel(models.Model):
+    text = models.CharField(max_length=100)
+
+
+class SimplePKSourceModelSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
+    targets = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(queryset=SimpleTargetModel.objects.all(), many=True)
+    text = serializers.CharField()
+
+
+class SimpleSlugSourceModelSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
+    targets = serializers.SlugRelatedField(queryset=SimpleTargetModel.objects.all(), many=True, slug_field='pk')
+    text = serializers.CharField()
+
+
+class SerializerSupportsManyRelationships(TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        SimpleTargetModel.objects.create(text='foo')
+        SimpleTargetModel.objects.create(text='bar')
+
+    def test_serializer_supports_pk_many_relationships(self):
+        """
+        Regression test for #878.
+
+        Note that pk behavior has a different code path to usual cases,
+        for performance reasons.
+        """
+        serializer = SimplePKSourceModelSerializer(data={'text': 'foo', 'targets': [1, 2]})
+        self.assertTrue(serializer.is_valid())
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.data, {'text': 'foo', 'targets': [1, 2]})
+
+    def test_serializer_supports_slug_many_relationships(self):
+        """
+        Regression test for #878.
+        """
+        serializer = SimpleSlugSourceModelSerializer(data={'text': 'foo', 'targets': [1, 2]})
+        self.assertTrue(serializer.is_valid())
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.data, {'text': 'foo', 'targets': [1, 2]})
+
+
+class TransformMethodsSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
+    a = serializers.CharField()
+    b_renamed = serializers.CharField(source='b')
+
+    def transform_a(self, obj, value):
+        return value.lower()
+
+    def transform_b_renamed(self, obj, value):
+        if value is not None:
+            return 'and ' + value
+
+
+class TestSerializerTransformMethods(TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.s = TransformMethodsSerializer()
+
+    def test_transform_methods(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.s.to_native({'a': 'GREEN EGGS', 'b': 'HAM'}),
+            {
+                'a': 'green eggs',
+                'b_renamed': 'and HAM',
+            }
+        )
+
+    def test_missing_fields(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.s.to_native({'a': 'GREEN EGGS'}),
+            {
+                'a': 'green eggs',
+                'b_renamed': None,
+            }
+        )
+
+
+class DefaultTrueBooleanModel(models.Model):
+    cat = models.BooleanField(default=True)
+    dog = models.BooleanField(default=False)
+
+
+class SerializerDefaultTrueBoolean(TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(SerializerDefaultTrueBoolean, self).setUp()
+
+        class DefaultTrueBooleanSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+            class Meta:
+                model = DefaultTrueBooleanModel
+                fields = ('cat', 'dog')
+
+        self.default_true_boolean_serializer = DefaultTrueBooleanSerializer
+
+    def test_enabled_as_false(self):
+        serializer = self.default_true_boolean_serializer(data={'cat': False,
+                                                                'dog': False})
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.data['cat'], False)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.data['dog'], False)
+
+    def test_enabled_as_true(self):
+        serializer = self.default_true_boolean_serializer(data={'cat': True,
+                                                                'dog': True})
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.data['cat'], True)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.data['dog'], True)
+
+    def test_enabled_partial(self):
+        serializer = self.default_true_boolean_serializer(data={'cat': False},
+                                                          partial=True)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.data['cat'], False)
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.data['dog'], False)
+
+
+class BoolenFieldTypeTest(TestCase):
+    '''
+    Ensure the various Boolean based model fields are rendered as the proper
+    field type
+
+    '''
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        '''
+        Setup an ActionItemSerializer for BooleanTesting
+        '''
+        data = {
+            'title': 'b' * 201,
+        }
+        self.serializer = ActionItemSerializer(data=data)
+
+    def test_booleanfield_type(self):
+        '''
+        Test that BooleanField is infered from models.BooleanField
+        '''
+        bfield = self.serializer.get_fields()['done']
+        self.assertEqual(type(bfield), fields.BooleanField)
+
+    def test_nullbooleanfield_type(self):
+        '''
+        Test that BooleanField is infered from models.NullBooleanField
+
+        https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/django-rest-framework/D9mXEftpuQ8
+        '''
+        bfield = self.serializer.get_fields()['started']
+        self.assertEqual(type(bfield), fields.BooleanField)