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| author | AnastasiaSulyagina | 2016-08-18 22:11:42 +0300 |
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| committer | AnastasiaSulyagina | 2016-08-19 14:50:14 +0300 |
| commit | e81f4ab7deeb40308f240be5ea00091fc8786d7a (patch) | |
| tree | b5418f9149de71c0f05f90cb2b39ab47f46e27b4 /Library/Homebrew/cask/doc/development/adding_a_cask.md | |
| parent | 5c7c9de669025bbe4cad9829be39c5cf3b31ad25 (diff) | |
| download | brew-e81f4ab7deeb40308f240be5ea00091fc8786d7a.tar.bz2 | |
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diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/cask/doc/development/adding_a_cask.md b/Library/Homebrew/cask/doc/development/adding_a_cask.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d69966a2a --- /dev/null +++ b/Library/Homebrew/cask/doc/development/adding_a_cask.md @@ -0,0 +1,314 @@ +## Adding a Cask + +Making a new Cask is easy. Follow the directions in [Getting Set Up To Contribute](../../CONTRIBUTING.md#getting-set-up-to-contribute) to begin. + +### Examples + +Here’s a Cask for `shuttle` as an example. Note the comment above `url`, which is needed when [the url and homepage hostnames differ](../cask_language_reference/stanzas/url.md#when-url-and-homepage-hostnames-differ-add-a-comment) + +```ruby +cask 'shuttle' do + version '1.2.6' + sha256 '7b54529cd00332e423839cf768b732ac6c42e17de9325d0a093764180deeb611' + + # github.com/fitztrev/shuttle was verified as official when first introduced to the cask + url "https://github.com/fitztrev/shuttle/releases/download/v#{version}/Shuttle.zip" + appcast 'https://github.com/fitztrev/shuttle/releases.atom', + checkpoint: 'c3dea2ed479b3ebba7c56ace6040901795f6dc6be92f9ffc30cc808d31723f17' + name 'Shuttle' + homepage 'https://fitztrev.github.io/shuttle/' + license :mit + + app 'Shuttle.app' + + zap delete: '~/.shuttle.json' +end +``` + +And here is one for `airstream`. Note that it has an unversioned download (the download `url` does not contain the version number, unlike the example above). It also suppresses the checksum with `sha256 :no_check` (necessary since the checksum will change when a new distribution is made available). This combination of `version :latest` and `sha256 :no_check` is currently the preferred mechanism when a versioned download URL is not available. + +```ruby +cask 'airstream' do + version :latest + sha256 :no_check + + # amazonaws.com/airstream-clients was verified as official when first introduced to the cask + url 'https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/airstream-clients/mac/airstream-mac.dmg' + name 'AirStream' + homepage 'http://airstream.io/download/' + license :gratis + + app 'AirStream.app' + + caveats do + depends_on_java('6') + end +end +``` + +Here is a last example for `airdisplay`, which uses a `pkg` installer to install the application instead of a stand-alone application bundle (`.app`). Note the [`uninstall pkgutil` stanza](../cask_language_reference/stanzas/uninstall.md#uninstall-key-pkgutil), which is needed to uninstall all files which were installed using the installer. + +```ruby +cask 'airdisplay' do + version '3.0.3' + sha256 'db84a66fe3522929a0afa58a4fe0189977baded89df0035ead1ccd334f7b8126' + + url "https://www.avatron.com/updates/software/airdisplay/ad#{version.no_dots}.zip" + appcast 'https://avatron.com/updates/software/airdisplay/appcast.xml', + checkpoint: '938bdb9fbee793dce92818366cb2c19ba84c5b0cd6853fd893897d4a40689bc2' + name 'Air Display' + homepage 'https://avatron.com/apps/air-display/' + license :commercial + + pkg 'Air Display Installer.pkg' + + uninstall pkgutil: 'com.avatron.pkg.AirDisplay' +end +``` + +### Generating a Token for the Cask + +The Cask **token** is the mnemonic string people will use to interact with the Cask via `brew cask install`, `brew cask search`, etc. The name of the Cask **file** is simply the token with the extension `.rb` appended. + +The easiest way to generate a token for a Cask is to run this command: + +```bash +$ "$(brew --repository)/Library/Taps/caskroom/homebrew-cask/developer/bin/generate_cask_token" '/full/path/to/new/software.app' +``` + +If the software you wish to Cask is not installed, or does not have an associated App bundle, just give the full proper name of the software instead of a pathname: + +```bash +$ "$(brew --repository)/Library/Taps/caskroom/homebrew-cask/developer/bin/generate_cask_token" 'Google Chrome' +``` + +If the `generate_cask_token` script does not work for you, see [Cask Token Details](#cask-token-details). + +### The `brew cask create` Command + +Once you know the token, create your Cask with the handy-dandy `brew cask create` command: + +```bash +$ brew cask create my-new-cask +``` + +This will open `$EDITOR` with a template for your new Cask, to be stored in the file `my-new-cask.rb`. Running the `create` command above will get you a template that looks like this: + +```ruby +cask 'my-new-cask' do + version '' + sha256 '' + + url '' + name '' + homepage '' + license :unknown # TODO: change license and remove this comment; ':unknown' is a machine-generated placeholder + + app '' +end +``` + +### Cask Stanzas + +Fill in the following stanzas for your Cask: + +| name | value | +| ------------------ | ----------- | +| `version` | application version; give the value `:latest` if only an unversioned download is available +| `sha256` | SHA-256 checksum of the file downloaded from `url`, calculated by the command `shasum -a 256 <file>`. Can be suppressed by using the special value `:no_check`. (see [sha256](../cask_language_reference/stanzas/sha256.md)) +| `url` | URL to the `.dmg`/`.zip`/`.tgz`/`.tbz2` file that contains the application.<br />A [comment](../cask_language_reference/stanzas/url.md#when-url-and-homepage-hostnames-differ-add-a-comment) should be added if the hostnames in the `url` and `homepage` stanzas differ. Block syntax should be used for URLs that change on every visit.<br />See [URL Stanza Details](../cask_language_reference/stanzas/url.md) for more information. +| `name` | the full and proper name defined by the vendor, and any useful alternate names (see [Name Stanza Details](../cask_language_reference/stanzas/name.md)) +| `homepage` | application homepage; used for the `brew cask home` command +| `license` | a symbol identifying the license for the application. Valid category licenses include `:oss`, `:closed`, and `:unknown`. It is OK to leave as `:unknown`. (see [License Stanza Details](../cask_language_reference/stanzas/license.md)) +| `app` | relative path to an `.app` bundle that should be moved into the `/Applications` folder on installation (see [App Stanza Details](../cask_language_reference/stanzas/app.md)) + +Other commonly-used stanzas are: + +| name | value | +| ------------------ | ----------- | +| `appcast` | a URL providing an appcast feed to find updates for this Cask. (see [Appcast Stanza Details](../cask_language_reference/stanzas/appcast.md)) +| `pkg` | relative path to a `.pkg` file containing the distribution (see [Pkg Stanza Details](../cask_language_reference/stanzas/pkg.md)) +| `caveats` | a string or Ruby block providing the user with Cask-specific information at install time (see [Caveats Stanza Details](../cask_language_reference/stanzas/caveats.md)) +| `uninstall` | procedures to uninstall a Cask. Optional unless the `pkg` stanza is used. (see [Uninstall Stanza Details](../cask_language_reference/stanzas/uninstall.md)) + +Additional `artifact` stanzas you might need for special use-cases can be found [here](../cask_language_reference/all_stanzas.md#at-least-one-artifact-stanza-is-also-required). Even more special-use stanzas are listed at [Optional Stanzas](../cask_language_reference/all_stanzas.md#optional-stanzas). + +### Cask Token Details + +If a token conflicts with an already-existing Cask, authors should manually make the new token unique by prepending the vendor name. Example: [unison.rb](../../Casks/unison.rb) and [panic-unison.rb](../../Casks/panic-unison.rb). + +If possible, avoid creating tokens which differ only by the placement of hyphens. + +To generate a token manually, or to learn about exceptions for unusual cases, see [token_reference.md](../cask_language_reference/token_reference.md). + +### Archives With Subfolders + +When a downloaded archive expands to a subfolder, the subfolder name must be included in the `app` value. + +Example: + +1. Texmaker is downloaded to the file `TexmakerMacosxLion.zip`. +2. `TexmakerMacosxLion.zip` unzips to a folder called `TexmakerMacosxLion`. +3. The folder `TexmakerMacosxLion` contains the application `texmaker.app`. +4. So, the `app` stanza should include the subfolder as a relative path: + + ```ruby + app 'TexmakerMacosxLion/texmaker.app' + ``` + + +## Testing Your New Cask + +Give it a shot with `brew cask install my-new-cask`. + +Did it install? If something went wrong, `brew cask uninstall my-new-cask` and edit your Cask with `brew cask edit my-new-cask` to fix it. + +If everything looks good, you’ll also want to make sure your Cask passes audit with: + +```bash +brew cask audit my-new-cask --download +``` + +You should also check stylistic details with `brew cask style`: + +```bash +$ cd "$(brew --repository)"/Library/Taps/caskroom/homebrew-cask +$ brew cask style Casks/my-new-cask.rb [--fix] +``` + +Keep in mind all of these checks will be made when you submit your PR, so by doing them in advance you’re saving everyone a lot of time and trouble. + +If your application and Homebrew-Cask do not work well together, feel free to [file an issue](https://github.com/caskroom/homebrew-cask#reporting-bugs) after checking out open issues. + +## Finding a Home For Your Cask + +We maintain separate Taps for different types of binaries. Our nomenclature is: + ++ **Stable**: The latest version provided by the developer defined by them as such. ++ **Beta, Development, Unstable**: Subsequent versions to **stable**, yet incomplete and under development, aiming to eventually become the new **stable**. ++ **Nightly**: Constantly up-to-date versions of the current development state. ++ **Legacy**: Any **stable** version that is not the most recent. ++ **Alternative**: Alternative edition of an existing app, by the same vendor (developer editions, community editions, pro editions, …). ++ **Regional, Localized**: Any version that isn’t the US English one, when that exists. ++ **Trial**: Date-limited version that stops working entirely after it expires, requiring payment to lift the limitation. ++ **Freemium**: Gratis version that works indefinitely but with limitations that can be removed by paying. ++ **Fork**: An alternate version of an existing project, with a based-on but modified source and binary. ++ **Unofficial**: An *allegedly* unmodified compiled binary, by a third-party, of a binary that has no existing build by the owner of the source code. ++ **Vendorless**: A binary distributed without an official website, like a forum posting. ++ **Walled**: When the download URL is both behind a login/registration form and from a host that differs from the homepage. + +### Stable Versions + +Stable versions live in the main repository at [caskroom/homebrew-cask](https://github.com/caskroom/homebrew-cask). They should run on the latest release of macOS or the previous point release (in 2015, for example, that meant El Capitan and Yosemite). + +### But There Is No Stable Version! + +When an App is only available as beta, development, or unstable versions, or in cases where such a version is the general standard, then said version can go into the main repo. + +### Beta, Unstable, Development, Nightly, Legacy, or Alternative Versions + +When an App has a principal stable version, alternative versions should be submitted to [caskroom/homebrew-versions](https://github.com/caskroom/homebrew-versions). + +### Regional and Localized + +When an App exists in more than one language or has different regional editions, the US English one belongs in the main repo, and all the others in [caskroom/homebrew-versions](https://github.com/caskroom/homebrew-versions). When not already part of the name of the App, a [regional identifier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2) and a [language code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ISO_639-1_codes) are to be appended to the Cask’s token (both when available, or just the appropriate one when not). + +### Trial and Freemium Versions + +Before submitting a trial, make sure it can be made into a full working version without the need to be redownloaded. If an App provides a trial but the only way to buy the full version is via the Mac App Store, it does not belong in any of the official repos. Freemium versions are fine. + +### Forks and Apps with Conflicting Names + +Forks should have the vendor’s name as a prefix on the Cask’s file name and token. For unrelated Apps that share a name, the most popular one (usually the one already present) stays unprefixed. Since this can be subjective, if you disagree with a decision open an issue and make your case to the maintainers. + +### Unofficial, Vendorless, and Walled Builds + +We do not accept these casks since they offer a higher-than-normal security risk. [alehouse/homebrew-unofficial](https://github.com/alehouse/homebrew-unofficial) is a sister repo where you may wish to submit your cask. + +### Fonts + +Font Casks live in the [caskroom/homebrew-fonts](https://github.com/caskroom/homebrew-fonts) repository. See the font repo [CONTRIBUTING.md](../../../../../homebrew-fonts/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md) +for details. + +## Submitting Your Changes + +Hop into your Tap and check to make sure your new Cask is there: + +```bash +$ cd "$(brew --repository)"/Library/Taps/caskroom/homebrew-cask +$ git status +# On branch master +# Untracked files: +# (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed) +# +# Casks/my-new-cask.rb +``` + +So far, so good. Now make a feature branch that you’ll use in your pull request: + +```bash +$ git checkout -b my-new-cask +Switched to a new branch 'my-new-cask' +``` + +Stage your Cask with `git add Casks/my-new-cask.rb`. You can view the changes that are to be committed with `git diff --cached`. + +Commit your changes with `git commit -v`. + +### Commit Messages + +For any git project, some good rules for commit messages are: + +* The first line is commit summary, 50 characters or less, +* Followed by an empty line, +* Followed by an explanation of the commit, wrapped to 72 characters. + +See [a note about git commit messages](http://tbaggery.com/2008/04/19/a-note-about-git-commit-messages.html) for more. + +The first line of a commit message becomes the **title** of a pull request on GitHub, like the subject line of an email. Including the key info in the first line will help us respond faster to your pull. + +For Cask commits in the Homebrew-Cask project, we like to include the Application name, version number (or `:latest`), and purpose of the commit in the first line. + +Examples of good, clear commit summaries: + +* `Add Transmission.app v1.0` +* `Upgrade Transmission.app to v2.82` +* `Fix checksum in Transmission.app Cask` +* `Add CodeBox Latest` + +Examples of difficult, unclear commit summaries: + +* `Upgrade to v2.82` +* `Checksum was bad` + +### Pushing + +Push your changes to your GitHub account: + +```bash +$ github_user='<my-github-username>' +$ git push "$github_user" my-new-cask +``` + +If you are using [GitHub two-factor authentication](https://help.github.com/articles/about-two-factor-authentication/) and set your remote repository as HTTPS you will need to set up a personal access token and use that instead of your password. Further information [here](https://help.github.com/articles/https-cloning-errors/#provide-access-token-if-2fa-enabled). + +### Squashing + +If your pull request has multiple commits which revise the same lines of code, or if you make some changes after comments from one of the maintainers, it is better to [squash](https://davidwalsh.name/squash-commits-git) those commits together into one logical unit. + +But you don’t always have to squash — it is fine for a pull request to contain multiple commits when there is a logical reason for the separation. + +### Filing a Pull Request on GitHub + +Now go to the [`homebrew-cask` GitHub repository](https://github.com/caskroom/homebrew-cask). GitHub will often show your `my-new-cask` branch with a handy button to `Compare & pull request`. Otherwise, click the `New pull request` button and choose to `compare across forks`. The base fork should be `caskroom/homebrew-cask @ master`, and the head fork should be `my-github-username/homebrew-cask @ my-new-cask`. You can also add any further comments to your pull request at this stage. + +Congratulations! You are done now, and your Cask should be pulled in or otherwise noticed in a while. If a maintainer suggests some changes, just make them on the `my-new-cask` branch locally, [squash](#squashing), and [push](#pushing). + +## Cleaning up + +After your Pull Request is submitted, you should get yourself back onto `master`, so that `brew update` will pull down new Casks properly: + +```bash +cd "$(brew --repository)"/Library/Taps/caskroom/homebrew-cask +git checkout master +``` |
