feat(ngError): add error message compression and better error messages

- add toThrowNg matcher

17 files changed, 187 insertions, 71 deletions

diff --git a/test/AngularSpec.js b/test/AngularSpec.js
index 0e5017ad..de029623 100644
--- a/test/AngularSpec.js
+++ b/test/AngularSpec.js
@@ -84,19 +84,21 @@ describe('angular', function() {
     });
 
     it('should throw an exception if a Scope is being copied', inject(function($rootScope) {
-      expect(function() { copy($rootScope.$new()); }).toThrow("Can't copy Window or Scope");
+      expect(function() { copy($rootScope.$new()); }).
+          toThrow("[NgErr43] Can't copy! Making copies of Window or Scope instances is not supported.");
     }));
 
     it('should throw an exception if a Window is being copied', function() {
-      expect(function() { copy(window); }).toThrow("Can't copy Window or Scope");
+      expect(function() { copy(window); }).
+          toThrow("[NgErr43] Can't copy! Making copies of Window or Scope instances is not supported.");
     });
 
     it('should throw an exception when source and destination are equivalent', function() {
       var src, dst;
 	    src = dst = {key: 'value'};
-      expect(function() { copy(src, dst); }).toThrow("Can't copy equivalent objects or arrays");
+      expect(function() { copy(src, dst); }).toThrow("[NgErr44] Can't copy! Source and destination are identical.");
       src = dst = [2, 4];
-      expect(function() { copy(src, dst); }).toThrow("Can't copy equivalent objects or arrays");
+      expect(function() { copy(src, dst); }).toThrow("[NgErr44] Can't copy! Source and destination are identical.");
     });
 
     it('should not copy the private $$hashKey', function() {
@@ -580,7 +582,7 @@ describe('angular', function() {
 
       expect(function() {
         angularInit(appElement, bootstrap);
-      }).toThrow('No module: doesntexist');
+      }).toThrow("[NgErr47] Module 'doesntexist' is not available! You either misspelled the module name or forgot to load it.");
     });
   });
 
@@ -724,7 +726,7 @@ describe('angular', function() {
 
       expect(function() {
         angular.bootstrap(element, ['doesntexist']);
-      }).toThrow('No module: doesntexist');
+      }).toThrow("[NgErr47] Module 'doesntexist' is not available! You either misspelled the module name or forgot to load it.");
 
       expect(element.html()).toBe('{{1+2}}');
       dealoc(element);
@@ -783,7 +785,7 @@ describe('angular', function() {
 
         expect(function() {
           element.injector().get('foo');
-        }).toThrow('Unknown provider: fooProvider <- foo');
+        }).toThrow('[NgErr1] Unknown provider: fooProvider <- foo');
 
         expect(element.injector().get('$http')).toBeDefined();
       });
diff --git a/test/BinderSpec.js b/test/BinderSpec.js
index b6a7a00d..2a1b205d 100644
--- a/test/BinderSpec.js
+++ b/test/BinderSpec.js
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ describe('Binder', function() {
       $rootScope.error['throw'] = function() {throw 'MyError';};
       errorLogs.length = 0;
       $rootScope.$apply();
-      expect(errorLogs.shift().message).toBe('Error while interpolating: {{error.throw()}}\nMyError');
+      expect(errorLogs.shift().message).toBe("[NgErr48] $interpolate error! Can't interpolate: {{error.throw()}}\nMyError");
 
       $rootScope.error['throw'] = function() {return 'ok';};
       $rootScope.$apply();
diff --git a/test/auto/injectorSpec.js b/test/auto/injectorSpec.js
index 8fd03be4..b59a344f 100644
--- a/test/auto/injectorSpec.js
+++ b/test/auto/injectorSpec.js
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ describe('injector', function() {
   it('should provide useful message if no provider', function() {
     expect(function() {
       injector.get('idontexist');
-    }).toThrow("Unknown provider: idontexistProvider <- idontexist");
+    }).toThrow("[NgErr1] Unknown provider: idontexistProvider <- idontexist");
   });
 
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ describe('injector', function() {
     providers('b', function(a) {return 2;});
     expect(function() {
       injector.get('b');
-    }).toThrow("Unknown provider: idontexistProvider <- idontexist <- a <- b");
+    }).toThrow("[NgErr1] Unknown provider: idontexistProvider <- idontexist <- a <- b");
   });
 
 
@@ -127,10 +127,10 @@ describe('injector', function() {
     it('should fail with errors if not function or array', function() {
       expect(function() {
         injector.invoke({});
-      }).toThrow("Argument 'fn' is not a function, got Object");
+      }).toThrow("[NgErr45] Argument 'fn' is not a function, got Object");
       expect(function() {
         injector.invoke(['a', 123], {});
-      }).toThrow("Argument 'fn' is not a function, got number");
+      }).toThrow("[NgErr45] Argument 'fn' is not a function, got number");
     });
   });
 
@@ -268,7 +268,8 @@ describe('injector', function() {
     it('should error on invalid module name', function() {
       expect(function() {
         createInjector(['IDontExist'], {});
-      }).toThrow("No module: IDontExist");
+      }).toThrow("[NgErr47] Module 'IDontExist' is not available! You either misspelled the module name or forgot to load it.");
+
     });
 
 
@@ -551,7 +552,7 @@ describe('injector', function() {
           createInjector([
             {}
           ], {});
-        }).toThrow("Argument 'module' is not a function, got Object");
+        }).toThrow("[NgErr45] Argument 'module' is not a function, got Object");
       });
 
 
@@ -568,7 +569,7 @@ describe('injector', function() {
         angular.module('TestModule', [], function(xyzzy) {});
         expect(function() {
           createInjector(['TestModule']);
-        }).toThrow('Unknown provider: xyzzy from TestModule');
+        }).toThrow('[NgErr1] Unknown provider: xyzzy from TestModule');
       });
 
 
@@ -576,7 +577,7 @@ describe('injector', function() {
         function myModule(xyzzy){}
         expect(function() {
           createInjector([myModule]);
-        }).toThrow('Unknown provider: xyzzy from ' + myModule);
+        }).toThrow('[NgErr1] Unknown provider: xyzzy from ' + myModule);
       });
 
 
@@ -584,7 +585,7 @@ describe('injector', function() {
         function myModule(xyzzy){}
         expect(function() {
           createInjector([['xyzzy', myModule]]);
-        }).toThrow('Unknown provider: xyzzy from ' + myModule);
+        }).toThrow('[NgErr1] Unknown provider: xyzzy from ' + myModule);
       });
 
 
@@ -594,7 +595,7 @@ describe('injector', function() {
             $provide.factory('service', function(service){});
             return function(service) {}
           }])
-        }).toThrow('Circular dependency: service');
+        }).toThrow("[NgErr4] Circular dependency found: service");
       });
 
 
@@ -605,7 +606,7 @@ describe('injector', function() {
             $provide.factory('b', function(a){});
             return function(a) {}
           }])
-        }).toThrow('Circular dependency: b <- a');
+        }).toThrow('[NgErr4] Circular dependency found: b <- a');
       });
     });
   });
@@ -695,7 +696,7 @@ describe('injector', function() {
     it('should throw usefull error on wrong argument type]', function() {
       expect(function() {
         $injector.invoke({});
-      }).toThrow("Argument 'fn' is not a function, got Object");
+      }).toThrow("[NgErr45] Argument 'fn' is not a function, got Object");
     });
   });
 
@@ -782,7 +783,7 @@ describe('injector', function() {
       }]);
       expect(function() {
         $injector.get('nameProvider');
-      }).toThrow("Unknown provider: nameProviderProvider <- nameProvider");
+      }).toThrow("[NgErr1] Unknown provider: nameProviderProvider <- nameProvider");
     });
 
 
@@ -790,7 +791,7 @@ describe('injector', function() {
       var  $injector = createInjector([]);
       expect(function() {
         $injector.get('$provide').value('a', 'b');
-      }).toThrow("Unknown provider: $provideProvider <- $provide");
+      }).toThrow("[NgErr1] Unknown provider: $provideProvider <- $provide");
     });
 
 
@@ -800,7 +801,7 @@ describe('injector', function() {
         createInjector([function($provide) {
           $provide.value('name', 'angular')
         }, instanceLookupInModule]);
-      }).toThrow('Unknown provider: name from ' + String(instanceLookupInModule));
+      }).toThrow('[NgErr1] Unknown provider: name from ' + String(instanceLookupInModule));
     });
   });
 });
diff --git a/test/loaderSpec.js b/test/loaderSpec.js
index b2341a71..802d5c1d 100644
--- a/test/loaderSpec.js
+++ b/test/loaderSpec.js
@@ -68,6 +68,6 @@ describe('module loader', function() {
   it('should complain of no module', function() {
     expect(function() {
       window.angular.module('dontExist');
-    }).toThrow('No module: dontExist');
+    }).toThrow("[NgErr47] Module 'dontExist' is not available! You either misspelled the module name or forgot to load it.");
   });
 });
diff --git a/test/matchers.js b/test/matchers.js
index 8e4be118..13d284e6 100644
--- a/test/matchers.js
+++ b/test/matchers.js
@@ -147,8 +147,12 @@ beforeEach(function() {
       return this.actual.hasClass ?
               this.actual.hasClass(clazz) :
               angular.element(this.actual).hasClass(clazz);
-    }
+    },
 
+    toThrowNg: function(expected) {
+      return jasmine.Matchers.prototype.toThrow.call(this, new RegExp('\\[NgErr\\d*\\] ' +
+          expected.replace(/[\-\[\]\/\{\}\(\)\*\+\?\.\\\^\$\|]/g, "\\$&")));
+    }
   });
 });
 
diff --git a/test/ng/animatorSpec.js b/test/ng/animatorSpec.js
index d4d7c0ec..cf5667d2 100644
--- a/test/ng/animatorSpec.js
+++ b/test/ng/animatorSpec.js
@@ -719,6 +719,6 @@ describe("$animator", function() {
     expect(function() {
       var animate = $animator($rootScope, { ngAnimate: ':' });
       animate.enter();
-    }).toThrow("Syntax Error: Token ':' not a primary expression at column 1 of the expression [:] starting at [:].");
+    }).toThrow("[NgErr24] Syntax Error: Token ':' not a primary expression at column 1 of the expression [:] starting at [:].");
   }));
 });
diff --git a/test/ng/cacheFactorySpec.js b/test/ng/cacheFactorySpec.js
index ddfadbbc..4b15fd7b 100644
--- a/test/ng/cacheFactorySpec.js
+++ b/test/ng/cacheFactorySpec.js
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ describe('$cacheFactory', function() {
   it('should complain if the cache id is being reused', inject(function($cacheFactory) {
     $cacheFactory('cache1');
     expect(function() { $cacheFactory('cache1'); }).
-      toThrow('cacheId cache1 taken');
+      toThrow("[NgErr10] CacheId 'cache1' is already taken!");
   }));
 
 
diff --git a/test/ng/compileSpec.js b/test/ng/compileSpec.js
index 26f61357..bf3d0b77 100755
--- a/test/ng/compileSpec.js
+++ b/test/ng/compileSpec.js
@@ -632,11 +632,11 @@ describe('$compile', function() {
           inject(function($compile) {
             expect(function() {
               $compile('<p no-root-elem></p>');
-            }).toThrow('Template must have exactly one root element. was: dada');
+            }).toThrow("[NgErr12] Template for directive 'noRootElem' must have exactly one root element.");
 
             expect(function() {
               $compile('<p multi-root-elem></p>');
-            }).toThrow('Template must have exactly one root element. was: <div></div><div></div>');
+            }).toThrow("[NgErr12] Template for directive 'multiRootElem' must have exactly one root element.");
 
             // ws is ok
             expect(function() {
@@ -985,7 +985,7 @@ describe('$compile', function() {
 
               expect(function() {
                 $httpBackend.flush();
-              }).toThrow('Failed to load template: hello.html');
+              }).toThrow('[NgErr17] Failed to load template: hello.html');
               expect(sortedHtml(element)).toBe('<div><b class="hello"></b></div>');
             }
         ));
@@ -1005,7 +1005,7 @@ describe('$compile', function() {
           inject(function($compile){
             expect(function() {
               $compile('<div><div class="sync async"></div></div>');
-            }).toThrow('Multiple directives [sync, async] asking for template on: '+
+            }).toThrow('[NgErr18] Multiple directives [sync, async] asking for template on: '+
                 '<div class="sync async">');
           });
         });
@@ -1189,14 +1189,14 @@ describe('$compile', function() {
             $compile('<p template></p>');
             $rootScope.$digest();
             expect($exceptionHandler.errors.pop().message).
-                toBe('Template must have exactly one root element. was: dada');
+                toBe("[NgErr16] Template for directive 'template' must have exactly one root element. Template: template.html");
 
             // multi root
             $templateCache.put('template.html', '<div></div><div></div>');
             $compile('<p template></p>');
             $rootScope.$digest();
             expect($exceptionHandler.errors.pop().message).
-                toBe('Template must have exactly one root element. was: <div></div><div></div>');
+                toBe("[NgErr16] Template for directive 'template' must have exactly one root element. Template: template.html");
 
             // ws is ok
             $templateCache.put('template.html', '  <div></div> \n');
@@ -1456,7 +1456,7 @@ describe('$compile', function() {
           function($rootScope, $compile) {
             expect(function(){
               $compile('<div class="iscope-a; scope-b"></div>');
-            }).toThrow('Multiple directives [iscopeA, scopeB] asking for isolated scope on: ' +
+            }).toThrow('[NgErr18] Multiple directives [iscopeA, scopeB] asking for isolated scope on: ' +
                 '<div class="iscope-a; scope-b ng-isolate-scope ng-scope">');
           })
         );
@@ -1466,7 +1466,7 @@ describe('$compile', function() {
           function($rootScope, $compile) {
             expect(function(){
               $compile('<div class="iscope-a; iscope-b"></div>');
-            }).toThrow('Multiple directives [iscopeA, iscopeB] asking for isolated scope on: ' +
+            }).toThrow('[NgErr18] Multiple directives [iscopeA, iscopeB] asking for isolated scope on: ' +
                 '<div class="iscope-a; iscope-b ng-isolate-scope ng-scope">');
           })
         );
@@ -2074,7 +2074,7 @@ describe('$compile', function() {
 
         componentScope.ref = 'ignore me';
         expect($rootScope.$apply).
-            toThrow("Non-assignable model expression: 'hello ' + name (directive: myComponent)");
+            toThrow("[NgErr14] Expression ''hello ' + name' used with directive 'myComponent' is non-assignable!");
         expect(componentScope.ref).toBe('hello world');
         // reset since the exception was rethrown which prevented phase clearing
         $rootScope.$$phase = null;
@@ -2150,7 +2150,7 @@ describe('$compile', function() {
     it('should throw on unknown definition', inject(function() {
       expect(function() {
         compile('<div><span bad-declaration>');
-      }).toThrow('Invalid isolate scope definition for directive badDeclaration: xxx');
+      }).toThrow("[NgErr15] Invalid isolate scope definition for directive 'badDeclaration'. Definition: {... attr: 'xxx' ...}");
     }));
 
     it('should expose a $$isolateBindings property onto the scope', inject(function() {
@@ -2233,6 +2233,25 @@ describe('$compile', function() {
     });
 
 
+    it("should throw an error if required controller can't be found",function() {
+      module(function() {
+        directive('dep', function(log) {
+          return {
+            require: '^main',
+            link: function(scope, element, attrs, controller) {
+              log('dep:' + controller.name);
+            }
+          };
+        });
+      });
+      inject(function(log, $compile, $rootScope) {
+        expect(function() {
+          $compile('<div main><div dep></div></div>')($rootScope);
+        }).toThrow("[NgErr13] Controller 'main', required by directive 'dep', can't be found!");
+      });
+    });
+
+
     it('should have optional controller on current element', function() {
       module(function() {
         directive('dep', function(log) {
@@ -2415,7 +2434,7 @@ describe('$compile', function() {
       inject(function($compile) {
         expect(function() {
           $compile('<div class="first second"></div>');
-        }).toThrow('Multiple directives [first, second] asking for transclusion on: ' +
+        }).toThrow('[NgErr18] Multiple directives [first, second] asking for transclusion on: ' +
             '<div class="first second ng-isolate-scope ng-scope">');
       });
     });
diff --git a/test/ng/controllerSpec.js b/test/ng/controllerSpec.js
index f0dcb407..b041dec7 100644
--- a/test/ng/controllerSpec.js
+++ b/test/ng/controllerSpec.js
@@ -124,5 +124,15 @@ describe('$controller', function() {
       expect(scope.foo).toBe(foo);
       expect(scope.foo.mark).toBe('foo');
     });
+
+
+    it('should throw an error if $scope is not provided', function() {
+      $controllerProvider.register('a.b.FooCtrl', function() { this.mark = 'foo'; });
+
+      expect(function() {
+        $controller('a.b.FooCtrl as foo');
+      }).toThrow("[NgErr47] Cannot export controller 'a.b.FooCtrl' as 'foo'! No $scope object provided via `locals`.");
+
+    });
   });
 });
diff --git a/test/ng/directive/inputSpec.js b/test/ng/directive/inputSpec.js
index f8898074..68caf1f5 100644
--- a/test/ng/directive/inputSpec.js
+++ b/test/ng/directive/inputSpec.js
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ describe('NgModelController', function() {
     }
 
     expect(exception.message).
-        toMatch(/Non-assignable model expression: 1\+2 \(<input( value="")? ng-model="1\+2">\)/);
+        toMatch(/^\[NgErr6\] ngModel error! Expression '1\+2' is non\-assignable\. Element: <input( value="")? ng-model="1\+2">$/);
   }));
 
 
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ describe('input', function() {
     expect(function() {
       compileInput('<input type="text" ng-model="throw \'\'">');
       scope.$digest();
-    }).toThrow("Syntax Error: Token '''' is an unexpected token at column 7 of the expression [throw ''] starting at [''].");
+    }).toThrow("[NgErr24] Syntax Error: Token '''' is an unexpected token at column 7 of the expression [throw ''] starting at [''].");
   });
 
 
@@ -548,11 +548,11 @@ describe('input', function() {
     });
 
 
-    xit('should throw an error when scope pattern can\'t be found', function() {
-      compileInput('<input type="text" ng-model="foo" ng-pattern="fooRegexp" />');
-
-      expect(function() { changeInputValueTo('xx'); }).
-          toThrow('Expected fooRegexp to be a RegExp but was undefined');
+    it('should throw an error when scope pattern can\'t be found', function() {
+      expect(function() {
+        compileInput('<input type="text" ng-model="foo" ng-pattern="fooRegexp" />');
+        scope.$apply();
+      }).toThrowNg('ngPattern error! Expected fooRegexp to be a RegExp but was undefined.');
     });
   });
 
diff --git a/test/ng/directive/ngRepeatSpec.js b/test/ng/directive/ngRepeatSpec.js
index e7e9af35..ac6ceb83 100644
--- a/test/ng/directive/ngRepeatSpec.js
+++ b/test/ng/directive/ngRepeatSpec.js
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ describe('ngRepeat', function() {
     element = jqLite('<ul><li ng-repeat="i dont parse"></li></ul>');
     $compile(element)(scope);
     expect($exceptionHandler.errors.shift()[0].message).
-        toBe("Expected ngRepeat in form of '_item_ in _collection_[ track by _id_]' but got 'i dont parse'.");
+        toBe("[NgErr7] ngRepeat error! Expected expression in form of '_item_ in _collection_[ track by _id_]' but got 'i dont parse'.");
   });
 
 
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ describe('ngRepeat', function() {
       element = jqLite('<ul><li ng-repeat="i dont parse in foo"></li></ul>');
       $compile(element)(scope);
     expect($exceptionHandler.errors.shift()[0].message).
-        toBe("'item' in 'item in collection' should be identifier or (key, value) but got 'i dont parse'.");
+        toBe("[NgErr8] ngRepeat error! '_item_' in '_item_ in _collection_' should be an identifier or '(_key_, _value_)' expression, but got 'i dont parse'.");
   });
 
 
@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ describe('ngRepeat', function() {
       scope.items = [a, a, a];
       scope.$digest();
       expect($exceptionHandler.errors.shift().message).
-          toEqual('Duplicates in a repeater are not allowed. Repeater: item in items key: object:003');
+          toEqual("[NgErr50] ngRepeat error! Duplicates in a repeater are not allowed. Use 'track by' expression to specify unique keys. Repeater: item in items, Duplicate key: object:003");
 
       // recover
       scope.items = [a];
@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ describe('ngRepeat', function() {
       scope.items = [d, d, d];
       scope.$digest();
       expect($exceptionHandler.errors.shift().message).
-          toEqual('Duplicates in a repeater are not allowed. Repeater: item in items key: object:009');
+          toEqual("[NgErr50] ngRepeat error! Duplicates in a repeater are not allowed. Use 'track by' expression to specify unique keys. Repeater: item in items, Duplicate key: object:009");
 
       // recover
       scope.items = [a];
@@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ describe('ngRepeat ngAnimate', function() {
   }
 
   function applyCSS(element, cssProp, cssValue) {
-    element.css(cssProp, cssValue);    
+    element.css(cssProp, cssValue);
     element.css(vendorPrefix + cssProp, cssValue);
   }
 
@@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ describe('ngRepeat ngAnimate', function() {
       '<div><div ' +
         'ng-repeat="item in items" ' +
         'ng-animate="{enter: \'custom-enter\'}">' +
-        '{{ item }}' + 
+        '{{ item }}' +
       '</div></div>'
     ))($rootScope);
 
@@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ describe('ngRepeat ngAnimate', function() {
       '<div><div ' +
         'ng-repeat="item in items" ' +
         'ng-animate="{leave: \'custom-leave\'}">' +
-        '{{ item }}' + 
+        '{{ item }}' +
       '</div></div>'
     ))($rootScope);
 
diff --git a/test/ng/directive/selectSpec.js b/test/ng/directive/selectSpec.js
index 0cb2a812..5a168f53 100644
--- a/test/ng/directive/selectSpec.js
+++ b/test/ng/directive/selectSpec.js
@@ -494,8 +494,8 @@ describe('select', function() {
     it('should throw when not formated "? for ? in ?"', function() {
       expect(function() {
         compile('<select ng-model="selected" ng-options="i dont parse"></select>');
-      }).toThrow("Expected ngOptions in form of '_select_ (as _label_)? for (_key_,)?_value_ in" +
-                 " _collection_ (track by _expr_)?' but got 'i dont parse'.");
+      }).toThrowNg("ngOptions error! Expected expression in form of '_select_ (as _label_)? for (_key_,)?_value_ in" +
+                   " _collection_' but got 'i dont parse'.");
     });
 
 
diff --git a/test/ng/interpolateSpec.js b/test/ng/interpolateSpec.js
index 2877f92e..0af38506 100644
--- a/test/ng/interpolateSpec.js
+++ b/test/ng/interpolateSpec.js
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ describe('$interpolate', function() {
     };
     expect(function () {
       $interpolate('{{err()}}')($rootScope);
-    }).toThrow('Error while interpolating: {{err()}}\nError: oops');
+    }).toThrow("[NgErr48] $interpolate error! Can't interpolate: {{err()}}\nError: oops");
   }));
 
   it('should stop interpolation when encountering an exception', inject(function($interpolate, $compile, $rootScope) {
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ describe('$interpolate', function() {
     $compile(dom)($rootScope);
     expect(function () {
       $rootScope.$apply();
-    }).toThrow('Error while interpolating: {{err()}}\nError: oops');
+    }).toThrow("[NgErr48] $interpolate error! Can't interpolate: {{err()}}\nError: oops");
     expect(dom[0].innerHTML).toEqual('2');
     expect(dom[1].innerHTML).toEqual('{{err()}}');
     expect(dom[2].innerHTML).toEqual('{{1 + 2}}');
diff --git a/test/ng/locationSpec.js b/test/ng/locationSpec.js
index c4a88fd9..4aaa4d51 100644
--- a/test/ng/locationSpec.js
+++ b/test/ng/locationSpec.js
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ describe('$location', function() {
 
       expect(function() {
         url.$$parse('http://other.server.org/path#/path');
-      }).toThrow('Invalid url "http://other.server.org/path#/path", missing path prefix "http://server.org/base/".');
+      }).toThrow('[NgErr21] $location error! Invalid url "http://other.server.org/path#/path", missing path prefix "http://server.org/base/".');
     });
 
 
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ describe('$location', function() {
 
       expect(function() {
         url.$$parse('http://server.org/path#/path');
-      }).toThrow('Invalid url "http://server.org/path#/path", missing path prefix "http://server.org/base/".');
+      }).toThrow('[NgErr21] $location error! Invalid url "http://server.org/path#/path", missing path prefix "http://server.org/base/".');
     });
 
 
@@ -325,14 +325,14 @@ describe('$location', function() {
     it('should throw error when invalid server url given', function() {
       expect(function() {
         url.$$parse('http://server.org/path#/path');
-      }).toThrow('Invalid url "http://server.org/path#/path", does not start with "http://www.server.org:1234/base".');
+      }).toThrow('[NgErr22] $location error! Invalid url "http://server.org/path#/path", does not start with "http://www.server.org:1234/base".');
     });
 
 
     it('should throw error when invalid hashbang prefix given', function() {
       expect(function() {
         url.$$parse('http://www.server.org:1234/base#/path');
-      }).toThrow('Invalid url "http://www.server.org:1234/base#/path", missing hash prefix "#!".');
+      }).toThrow('[NgErr49] $location error! Invalid url "http://www.server.org:1234/base#/path", missing hash prefix "#!".');
     });
 
 
diff --git a/test/ng/parseSpec.js b/test/ng/parseSpec.js
index 7d3315b3..c3cb0ce1 100644
--- a/test/ng/parseSpec.js
+++ b/test/ng/parseSpec.js
@@ -156,11 +156,11 @@ describe('parser', function() {
     it('should throws exception for invalid exponent', function() {
       expect(function() {
         lex("0.5E-");
-      }).toThrow(new Error('Lexer Error: Invalid exponent at column 4 in expression [0.5E-].'));
+      }).toThrow(new Error('[NgErr23] Lexer Error: Invalid exponent at column 4 in expression [0.5E-].'));
 
       expect(function() {
         lex("0.5E-A");
-      }).toThrow(new Error('Lexer Error: Invalid exponent at column 4 in expression [0.5E-A].'));
+      }).toThrow(new Error('[NgErr23] Lexer Error: Invalid exponent at column 4 in expression [0.5E-A].'));
     });
 
     it('should tokenize number starting with a dot', function() {
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ describe('parser', function() {
     it('should throw error on invalid unicode', function() {
       expect(function() {
         lex("'\\u1''bla'");
-      }).toThrow(new Error("Lexer Error: Invalid unicode escape [\\u1''b] at column 2 in expression ['\\u1''bla']."));
+      }).toThrow(new Error("[NgErr23] Lexer Error: Invalid unicode escape [\\u1''b] at column 2 in expression ['\\u1''bla']."));
     });
   });
 
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ describe('parser', function() {
 
         expect(function() {
           scope.$eval("1|nonexistent");
-        }).toThrow(new Error("Unknown provider: nonexistentFilterProvider <- nonexistentFilter"));
+        }).toThrow(new Error("[NgErr1] Unknown provider: nonexistentFilterProvider <- nonexistentFilter"));
 
         scope.offset =  3;
         expect(scope.$eval("'abcd'|substring:1:offset")).toEqual("bc");
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ describe('parser', function() {
       it('should throw exception on non-closed bracket', function() {
         expect(function() {
           scope.$eval('[].count(');
-        }).toThrow('Unexpected end of expression: [].count(');
+        }).toThrow('[NgErr25] Unexpected end of expression: [].count(');
       });
 
       it('should evaluate double negation', function() {
diff --git a/test/ng/rootScopeSpec.js b/test/ng/rootScopeSpec.js
index cac7c160..0b258c83 100644
--- a/test/ng/rootScopeSpec.js
+++ b/test/ng/rootScopeSpec.js
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ describe('Scope', function() {
 
         expect(function() {
           $rootScope.$digest();
-        }).toThrow('100 $digest() iterations reached. Aborting!\n'+
+        }).toThrow('[NgErr27] 100 $digest() iterations reached. Aborting!\n'+
             'Watchers fired in the last 5 iterations: ' +
             '[["a; newVal: 96; oldVal: 95","b; newVal: 97; oldVal: 96"],' +
             '["a; newVal: 97; oldVal: 96","b; newVal: 98; oldVal: 97"],' +
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ describe('Scope', function() {
       $rootScope.$watch('name', function() {
         expect(function() {
           $rootScope.$digest();
-        }).toThrow('$digest already in progress');
+        }).toThrow('[NgErr28] $digest already in progress');
         callCount++;
       });
       $rootScope.name = 'a';
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ describe('Scope', function() {
           $rootScope.$apply(function() {
             $rootScope.$apply();
           });
-        }).toThrow('$apply already in progress');
+        }).toThrow('[NgErr28] $apply already in progress');
       }));
 
 
@@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ describe('Scope', function() {
               $rootScope.$apply();
             });
           });
-        }).toThrow('$digest already in progress');
+        }).toThrow('[NgErr28] $digest already in progress');
       }));
 
 
@@ -781,7 +781,7 @@ describe('Scope', function() {
         childScope1.$watch('x', function() {
           childScope1.$apply();
         });
-        expect(function() { childScope1.$apply(); }).toThrow('$digest already in progress');
+        expect(function() { childScope1.$apply(); }).toThrow('[NgErr28] $digest already in progress');
       }));
 
 
@@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ describe('Scope', function() {
 
         expect(function() { childScope2.$apply(function() {
           childScope2.x = 'something';
-        }); }).toThrow('$digest already in progress');
+        }); }).toThrow('[NgErr28] $digest already in progress');
       }));
     });
   });
diff --git a/test/ngErrorSpec.js b/test/ngErrorSpec.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..81773322
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/ngErrorSpec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+'use strict';
+
+describe('ngError', function() {
+
+  var supportStackTraces = function() {
+    var e = new Error();
+    return isDefined(e.stack);
+  };
+
+  it('should return an Error instance', function() {
+    var myError = ngError();
+    expect(myError instanceof Error).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+
+  it('should generate stack trace at the frame where ngError was called', function() {
+    var myError;
+
+    function someFn() {
+      function nestedFn() {
+        myError = ngError(0, "I fail!");
+      }
+      nestedFn();
+    }
+
+    someFn();
+
+    // only Chrome, Firefox have stack
+    if (!supportStackTraces()) return;
+
+    expect(myError.stack).toMatch(/^[.\s\S]+nestedFn[.\s\S]+someFn.+/);
+  });
+
+
+  it('should interpolate string arguments without quotes', function() {
+    var myError = ngError(26, 'This {0} is "{1}"', 'foo', 'bar');
+    expect(myError.message).toBe('[NgErr26] This foo is "bar"');
+  });
+
+
+  it('should interpolate non-string arguments', function() {
+    var arr = [1, 2, 3],
+        obj = {a: 123, b: 'baar'},
+        anonFn = function(something) { return something; },
+        namedFn = function foo(something) { return something; },
+        myError;
+
+    myError = ngError(26, 'arr: {0}; obj: {1}; anonFn: {2}; namedFn: {3}',
+                               arr,      obj,      anonFn,      namedFn);
+
+    expect(myError.message).toContain('[NgErr26] arr: [1,2,3]; obj: {"a":123,"b":"baar"};');
+    // IE does not add space after "function"
+    expect(myError.message).toMatch(/anonFn: function\s?\(something\);/);
+    expect(myError.message).toContain('namedFn: function foo(something)');
+  });
+
+
+  it('should not suppress falsy objects', function() {
+    var myError = ngError(26, 'false: {0}; zero: {1}; null: {2}; undefined: {3}; emptyStr: {4}',
+                                   false,      0,         null,      undefined,      '');
+    expect(myError.message).
+        toBe('[NgErr26] false: false; zero: 0; null: null; undefined: undefined; emptyStr: ');
+  });
+
+
+  it('should preserve interpolation markers when fewer arguments than needed are provided', function() {
+    // this way we can easily see if we are passing fewer args than needed
+
+    var foo = 'Fooooo',
+        myError = ngError(26, 'This {0} is {1} on {2}', foo);
+
+    expect(myError.message).toBe('[NgErr26] This Fooooo is {1} on {2}');
+  });
+
+
+  it('should pass through the message if no interpolation is needed', function() {
+    var myError = ngError(26, 'Something horrible happened!');
+    expect(myError.message).toBe('[NgErr26] Something horrible happened!');
+  });
+});