1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
|
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Quickstart - Django REST framework</title>
<link href="../../img/favicon.ico" rel="icon" type="image/x-icon">
<link rel="canonical" href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/quickstart/" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="description" content="Django, API, REST, Quickstart">
<meta name="author" content="Tom Christie">
<!-- Le styles -->
<link href="../../css/prettify.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="../../css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="../../css/bootstrap-responsive.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="../../css/default.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- Le HTML5 shim, for IE6-8 support of HTML5 elements -->
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="http://html5shim.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
<script type="text/javascript">
var _gaq = _gaq || [];
_gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-18852272-2']);
_gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
(function() {
var ga = document.createElement('script');
ga.type = 'text/javascript';
ga.async = true;
ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
})();
</script>
<style>
span.fusion-wrap a {
display: block;
margin-top: 10px;
color: black;
}
a.fusion-poweredby {
display: block;
margin-top: 10px;
}
@media (max-width: 767px) {
div.promo {
display: none;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body onload="prettyPrint()" class="-page">
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
<div class="navbar-inner">
<div class="container-fluid">
<a class="repo-link btn btn-primary btn-small" href="https://github.com/tomchristie/django-rest-framework/tree/master">GitHub</a>
<a class="repo-link btn btn-inverse btn-small " rel="prev" href="../1-serialization">
Next <i class="icon-arrow-right icon-white"></i>
</a>
<a class="repo-link btn btn-inverse btn-small " rel="next" href="../..">
<i class="icon-arrow-left icon-white"></i> Previous
</a>
<a class="repo-link btn btn-inverse btn-small" href="#searchModal" data-toggle="modal"><i class="icon-search icon-white"></i> Search</a>
<a class="btn btn-navbar" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".nav-collapse">
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</a>
<a class="brand" href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org">Django REST framework</a>
<div class="nav-collapse collapse">
<!-- Main navigation -->
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li ><a href="/">Home</a></li>
<li class="dropdown active">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Tutorial <b class="caret"></b></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li class="active" >
<a href=".">Quickstart</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../1-serialization">1 - Serialization</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../2-requests-and-responses">2 - Requests and responses</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../3-class-based-views">3 - Class based views</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../4-authentication-and-permissions">4 - Authentication and permissions</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../5-relationships-and-hyperlinked-apis">5 - Relationships and hyperlinked APIs</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../6-viewsets-and-routers">6 - Viewsets and routers</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">API Guide <b class="caret"></b></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/requests">Requests</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/responses">Responses</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/views">Views</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/generic-views">Generic views</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/viewsets">Viewsets</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/routers">Routers</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/parsers">Parsers</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/renderers">Renderers</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/serializers">Serializers</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/fields">Serializer fields</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/relations">Serializer relations</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/validators">Validators</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/authentication">Authentication</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/permissions">Permissions</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/throttling">Throttling</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/filtering">Filtering</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/pagination">Pagination</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/content-negotiation">Content negotiation</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/format-suffixes">Format suffixes</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/reverse">Returning URLs</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/exceptions">Exceptions</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/status-codes">Status codes</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/testing">Testing</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../api-guide/settings">Settings</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Topics <b class="caret"></b></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li >
<a href="../../topics/documenting-your-api">Documenting your API</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/ajax-csrf-cors">AJAX, CSRF & CORS</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/browser-enhancements">Browser enhancements</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/browsable-api">The Browsable API</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/rest-hypermedia-hateoas">REST, Hypermedia & HATEOAS</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/third-party-resources">Third Party Resources</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/contributing">Contributing to REST framework</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/rest-framework-2-announcement">2.0 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/2.2-announcement">2.2 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/2.3-announcement">2.3 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/2.4-announcement">2.4 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/3.0-announcement">3.0 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/kickstarter-announcement">Kickstarter Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/release-notes">Release Notes</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/credits">Credits</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!--/.nav-collapse -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="body-content">
<div class="container-fluid">
<!-- Search Modal -->
<div id="searchModal" class="modal hide fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-header">
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true">×</button>
<h3 id="myModalLabel">Documentation search</h3>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<!-- Custom google search -->
<script>
(function() {
var cx = '015016005043623903336:rxraeohqk6w';
var gcse = document.createElement('script');
gcse.type = 'text/javascript';
gcse.async = true;
gcse.src = (document.location.protocol == 'https:' ? 'https:' : 'http:') +
'//www.google.com/cse/cse.js?cx=' + cx;
var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
s.parentNode.insertBefore(gcse, s);
})();
</script>
<gcse:search></gcse:search>
</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<button class="btn" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true">Close</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row-fluid">
<div class="span3">
<!-- TODO
<p style="margin-top: -12px">
<a class="btn btn-mini btn-primary" style="width: 60px">« previous</a>
<a class="btn btn-mini btn-primary" style="float: right; margin-right: 8px; width: 60px;">next »</a>
</p>
-->
<div id="table-of-contents">
<ul class="nav nav-list side-nav well sidebar-nav-fixed">
<li class="main">
<a href="#quickstart">Quickstart</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#project-setup">Project setup</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#serializers">Serializers</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#views">Views</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#urls">URLs</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#settings">Settings</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#testing-our-api">Testing our API</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="main-content" class="span9">
<h1 id="quickstart">Quickstart</h1>
<p>We're going to create a simple API to allow admin users to view and edit the users and groups in the system.</p>
<h2 id="project-setup">Project setup</h2>
<p>Create a new Django project named <code>tutorial</code>, then start a new app called <code>quickstart</code>.</p>
<pre><code># Create the project directory
mkdir tutorial
cd tutorial
# Create a virtualenv to isolate our package dependencies locally
virtualenv env
source env/bin/activate # On Windows use `env\Scripts\activate`
# Install Django and Django REST framework into the virtualenv
pip install django
pip install djangorestframework
# Set up a new project with a single application
django-admin.py startproject tutorial . # Note the trailing '.' character
cd tutorial
django-admin.py startapp quickstart
cd ..
</code></pre>
<p>Now sync your database for the first time:</p>
<pre><code>python manage.py migrate
</code></pre>
<p>We'll also create an initial user named <code>admin</code> with a password of <code>password</code>. We'll authenticate as that user later in our example.</p>
<pre><code>python manage.py createsuperuser
</code></pre>
<p>Once you've set up a database and initial user created and ready to go, open up the app's directory and we'll get coding...</p>
<h2 id="serializers">Serializers</h2>
<p>First up we're going to define some serializers. Let's create a new module named <code>tutorial/quickstart/serializers.py</code> that we'll use for our data representations.</p>
<pre><code>from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
from rest_framework import serializers
class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = User
fields = ('url', 'username', 'email', 'groups')
class GroupSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Group
fields = ('url', 'name')
</code></pre>
<p>Notice that we're using hyperlinked relations in this case, with <code>HyperlinkedModelSerializer</code>. You can also use primary key and various other relationships, but hyperlinking is good RESTful design.</p>
<h2 id="views">Views</h2>
<p>Right, we'd better write some views then. Open <code>tutorial/quickstart/views.py</code> and get typing.</p>
<pre><code>from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
from rest_framework import viewsets
from tutorial.quickstart.serializers import UserSerializer, GroupSerializer
class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
"""
API endpoint that allows users to be viewed or edited.
"""
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
class GroupViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
"""
API endpoint that allows groups to be viewed or edited.
"""
queryset = Group.objects.all()
serializer_class = GroupSerializer
</code></pre>
<p>Rather than write multiple views we're grouping together all the common behavior into classes called <code>ViewSets</code>.</p>
<p>We can easily break these down into individual views if we need to, but using viewsets keeps the view logic nicely organized as well as being very concise.</p>
<p>Notice that our viewset classes here are a little different from those in the <a href="../../../#example">frontpage example</a>, as they include <code>queryset</code> and <code>serializer_class</code> attributes, instead of a <code>model</code> attribute.</p>
<p>For trivial cases you can simply set a <code>model</code> attribute on the <code>ViewSet</code> class and the serializer and queryset will be automatically generated for you. Setting the <code>queryset</code> and/or <code>serializer_class</code> attributes gives you more explicit control of the API behaviour, and is the recommended style for most applications.</p>
<h2 id="urls">URLs</h2>
<p>Okay, now let's wire up the API URLs. On to <code>tutorial/urls.py</code>...</p>
<pre><code>from django.conf.urls import url, include
from rest_framework import routers
from tutorial.quickstart import views
router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)
router.register(r'groups', views.GroupViewSet)
# Wire up our API using automatic URL routing.
# Additionally, we include login URLs for the browsable API.
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
]
</code></pre>
<p>Because we're using viewsets instead of views, we can automatically generate the URL conf for our API, by simply registering the viewsets with a router class.</p>
<p>Again, if we need more control over the API URLs we can simply drop down to using regular class based views, and writing the URL conf explicitly.</p>
<p>Finally, we're including default login and logout views for use with the browsable API. That's optional, but useful if your API requires authentication and you want to use the browsable API.</p>
<h2 id="settings">Settings</h2>
<p>We'd also like to set a few global settings. We'd like to turn on pagination, and we want our API to only be accessible to admin users. The settings module will be in <code>tutorial/settings.py</code></p>
<pre><code>INSTALLED_APPS = (
...
'rest_framework',
)
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': ('rest_framework.permissions.IsAdminUser',),
'PAGINATE_BY': 10
}
</code></pre>
<p>Okay, we're done.</p>
<hr />
<h2 id="testing-our-api">Testing our API</h2>
<p>We're now ready to test the API we've built. Let's fire up the server from the command line.</p>
<pre><code>python ./manage.py runserver
</code></pre>
<p>We can now access our API, both from the command-line, using tools like <code>curl</code>...</p>
<pre><code>bash: curl -H 'Accept: application/json; indent=4' -u admin:password http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/
{
"count": 2,
"next": null,
"previous": null,
"results": [
{
"email": "admin@example.com",
"groups": [],
"url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/1/",
"username": "admin"
},
{
"email": "tom@example.com",
"groups": [ ],
"url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/2/",
"username": "tom"
}
]
}
</code></pre>
<p>Or using the <a href="https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie#installation">httpie</a>, command line tool...</p>
<pre><code>bash: http -a username:password http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...
{
"count": 2,
"next": null,
"previous": null,
"results": [
{
"email": "admin@example.com",
"groups": [],
"url": "http://localhost:8000/users/1/",
"username": "paul"
},
{
"email": "tom@example.com",
"groups": [ ],
"url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/2/",
"username": "tom"
}
]
}
</code></pre>
<p>Or directly through the browser...</p>
<p><img alt="Quick start image" src="../../../img/quickstart.png" /></p>
<p>If you're working through the browser, make sure to login using the control in the top right corner.</p>
<p>Great, that was easy!</p>
<p>If you want to get a more in depth understanding of how REST framework fits together head on over to <a href="../1-serialization">the tutorial</a>, or start browsing the <a href="../../../#api-guide">API guide</a>.</p>
</div>
<!--/span-->
</div>
<!--/row-->
</div>
<!--/.fluid-container-->
</div>
<!--/.body content-->
<div id="push"></div>
</div>
<!--/.wrapper -->
<footer class="span12">
<p>Documentation built with <a href="http://www.mkdocs.org/">MkDocs</a>.</a>
</p>
</footer>
<!-- Le javascript
================================================== -->
<!-- Placed at the end of the document so the pages load faster -->
<script src="../../js/jquery-1.8.1-min.js"></script>
<script src="../../js/prettify-1.0.js"></script>
<script src="../../js/bootstrap-2.1.1-min.js"></script>
<script src="../../js/theme.js"></script>
<script>
//$('.side-nav').scrollspy()
var shiftWindow = function() {
scrollBy(0, -50)
};
if (location.hash) shiftWindow();
window.addEventListener("hashchange", shiftWindow);
$('.dropdown-menu').on('click touchstart', function(event) {
event.stopPropagation();
});
// Dynamically force sidenav to no higher than browser window
$('.side-nav').css('max-height', window.innerHeight - 130);
$(function() {
$(window).resize(function() {
$('.side-nav').css('max-height', window.innerHeight - 130);
});
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
|
