1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
|
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Parsers - Django REST framework</title>
<link href="../../img/favicon.ico" rel="icon" type="image/x-icon">
<link rel="canonical" href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/parsers/" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="description" content="Django, API, REST, Parsers">
<meta name="author" content="Tom Christie">
<!-- Le styles -->
<link href="../../css/prettify.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="../../css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="../../css/bootstrap-responsive.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="../../css/default.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- Le HTML5 shim, for IE6-8 support of HTML5 elements -->
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="http://html5shim.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
<script type="text/javascript">
var _gaq = _gaq || [];
_gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-18852272-2']);
_gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
(function() {
var ga = document.createElement('script');
ga.type = 'text/javascript';
ga.async = true;
ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
})();
</script>
<style>
span.fusion-wrap a {
display: block;
margin-top: 10px;
color: black;
}
a.fusion-poweredby {
display: block;
margin-top: 10px;
}
@media (max-width: 767px) {
div.promo {
display: none;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body onload="prettyPrint()" class="-page">
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
<div class="navbar-inner">
<div class="container-fluid">
<a class="repo-link btn btn-primary btn-small" href="https://github.com/tomchristie/django-rest-framework/tree/master">GitHub</a>
<a class="repo-link btn btn-inverse btn-small " rel="prev" href="../renderers">
Next <i class="icon-arrow-right icon-white"></i>
</a>
<a class="repo-link btn btn-inverse btn-small " rel="next" href="../routers">
<i class="icon-arrow-left icon-white"></i> Previous
</a>
<a class="repo-link btn btn-inverse btn-small" href="#searchModal" data-toggle="modal"><i class="icon-search icon-white"></i> Search</a>
<a class="btn btn-navbar" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".nav-collapse">
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</a>
<a class="brand" href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org">Django REST framework</a>
<div class="nav-collapse collapse">
<!-- Main navigation -->
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li ><a href="/">Home</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Tutorial <b class="caret"></b></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li >
<a href="../../tutorial/quickstart">Quickstart</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../tutorial/1-serialization">1 - Serialization</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../tutorial/2-requests-and-responses">2 - Requests and responses</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../tutorial/3-class-based-views">3 - Class based views</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../tutorial/4-authentication-and-permissions">4 - Authentication and permissions</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../tutorial/5-relationships-and-hyperlinked-apis">5 - Relationships and hyperlinked APIs</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../tutorial/6-viewsets-and-routers">6 - Viewsets and routers</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="dropdown active">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">API Guide <b class="caret"></b></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li >
<a href="../requests">Requests</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../responses">Responses</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../views">Views</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../generic-views">Generic views</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../viewsets">Viewsets</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../routers">Routers</a>
</li>
<li class="active" >
<a href=".">Parsers</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../renderers">Renderers</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../serializers">Serializers</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../fields">Serializer fields</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../relations">Serializer relations</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../validators">Validators</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../authentication">Authentication</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../permissions">Permissions</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../throttling">Throttling</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../filtering">Filtering</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../pagination">Pagination</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../content-negotiation">Content negotiation</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../metadata">Metadata</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../format-suffixes">Format suffixes</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../reverse">Returning URLs</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../exceptions">Exceptions</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../status-codes">Status codes</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../testing">Testing</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../settings">Settings</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Topics <b class="caret"></b></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li >
<a href="../../topics/documenting-your-api">Documenting your API</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/ajax-csrf-cors">AJAX, CSRF & CORS</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/browser-enhancements">Browser enhancements</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/browsable-api">The Browsable API</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/rest-hypermedia-hateoas">REST, Hypermedia & HATEOAS</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/third-party-resources">Third Party Resources</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/contributing">Contributing to REST framework</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/project-management">Project management</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/rest-framework-2-announcement">2.0 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/2.2-announcement">2.2 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/2.3-announcement">2.3 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/2.4-announcement">2.4 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/3.0-announcement">3.0 Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/kickstarter-announcement">Kickstarter Announcement</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/release-notes">Release Notes</a>
</li>
<li >
<a href="../../topics/credits">Credits</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!--/.nav-collapse -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="body-content">
<div class="container-fluid">
<!-- Search Modal -->
<div id="searchModal" class="modal hide fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-header">
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true">×</button>
<h3 id="myModalLabel">Documentation search</h3>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<!-- Custom google search -->
<script>
(function() {
var cx = '015016005043623903336:rxraeohqk6w';
var gcse = document.createElement('script');
gcse.type = 'text/javascript';
gcse.async = true;
gcse.src = (document.location.protocol == 'https:' ? 'https:' : 'http:') +
'//www.google.com/cse/cse.js?cx=' + cx;
var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
s.parentNode.insertBefore(gcse, s);
})();
</script>
<gcse:search></gcse:search>
</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<button class="btn" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true">Close</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row-fluid">
<div class="span3">
<!-- TODO
<p style="margin-top: -12px">
<a class="btn btn-mini btn-primary" style="width: 60px">« previous</a>
<a class="btn btn-mini btn-primary" style="float: right; margin-right: 8px; width: 60px;">next »</a>
</p>
-->
<div id="table-of-contents">
<ul class="nav nav-list side-nav well sidebar-nav-fixed">
<li class="main">
<a href="#parsers">Parsers</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#how-the-parser-is-determined">How the parser is determined</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#setting-the-parsers">Setting the parsers</a>
</li>
<li class="main">
<a href="#api-reference">API Reference</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#jsonparser">JSONParser</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#yamlparser">YAMLParser</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#xmlparser">XMLParser</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#formparser">FormParser</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#multipartparser">MultiPartParser</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#fileuploadparser">FileUploadParser</a>
</li>
<li class="main">
<a href="#custom-parsers">Custom parsers</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#stream">stream</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#media_type">media_type</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#parser_context">parser_context</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#example">Example</a>
</li>
<li class="main">
<a href="#third-party-packages">Third party packages</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#messagepack">MessagePack</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#camelcase-json">CamelCase JSON</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="main-content" class="span9">
<a class="github" href="https://github.com/tomchristie/django-rest-framework/tree/master/rest_framework/parsers.py">
<span class="label label-info">parsers.py</span>
</a>
<h1 id="parsers">Parsers</h1>
<blockquote>
<p>Machine interacting web services tend to use more
structured formats for sending data than form-encoded, since they're
sending more complex data than simple forms</p>
<p>— Malcom Tredinnick, <a href="https://groups.google.com/d/topic/django-developers/dxI4qVzrBY4/discussion">Django developers group</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p>REST framework includes a number of built in Parser classes, that allow you to accept requests with various media types. There is also support for defining your own custom parsers, which gives you the flexibility to design the media types that your API accepts.</p>
<h2 id="how-the-parser-is-determined">How the parser is determined</h2>
<p>The set of valid parsers for a view is always defined as a list of classes. When <code>request.data</code> is accessed, REST framework will examine the <code>Content-Type</code> header on the incoming request, and determine which parser to use to parse the request content.</p>
<hr />
<p><strong>Note</strong>: When developing client applications always remember to make sure you're setting the <code>Content-Type</code> header when sending data in an HTTP request.</p>
<p>If you don't set the content type, most clients will default to using <code>'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'</code>, which may not be what you wanted.</p>
<p>As an example, if you are sending <code>json</code> encoded data using jQuery with the <a href="http://api.jquery.com/jQuery.ajax/">.ajax() method</a>, you should make sure to include the <code>contentType: 'application/json'</code> setting.</p>
<hr />
<h2 id="setting-the-parsers">Setting the parsers</h2>
<p>The default set of parsers may be set globally, using the <code>DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES</code> setting. For example, the following settings would allow requests with <code>YAML</code> content.</p>
<pre><code>REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES': (
'rest_framework.parsers.YAMLParser',
)
}
</code></pre>
<p>You can also set the parsers used for an individual view, or viewset,
using the <code>APIView</code> class based views.</p>
<pre><code>from rest_framework.parsers import YAMLParser
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.views import APIView
class ExampleView(APIView):
"""
A view that can accept POST requests with YAML content.
"""
parser_classes = (YAMLParser,)
def post(self, request, format=None):
return Response({'received data': request.data})
</code></pre>
<p>Or, if you're using the <code>@api_view</code> decorator with function based views.</p>
<pre><code>@api_view(['POST'])
@parser_classes((YAMLParser,))
def example_view(request, format=None):
"""
A view that can accept POST requests with YAML content.
"""
return Response({'received data': request.data})
</code></pre>
<hr />
<h1 id="api-reference">API Reference</h1>
<h2 id="jsonparser">JSONParser</h2>
<p>Parses <code>JSON</code> request content.</p>
<p><strong>.media_type</strong>: <code>application/json</code></p>
<h2 id="yamlparser">YAMLParser</h2>
<p>Parses <code>YAML</code> request content.</p>
<p>Requires the <code>pyyaml</code> package to be installed.</p>
<p><strong>.media_type</strong>: <code>application/yaml</code></p>
<h2 id="xmlparser">XMLParser</h2>
<p>Parses REST framework's default style of <code>XML</code> request content.</p>
<p>Note that the <code>XML</code> markup language is typically used as the base language for more strictly defined domain-specific languages, such as <code>RSS</code>, <code>Atom</code>, and <code>XHTML</code>.</p>
<p>If you are considering using <code>XML</code> for your API, you may want to consider implementing a custom renderer and parser for your specific requirements, and using an existing domain-specific media-type, or creating your own custom XML-based media-type.</p>
<p>Requires the <code>defusedxml</code> package to be installed.</p>
<p><strong>.media_type</strong>: <code>application/xml</code></p>
<h2 id="formparser">FormParser</h2>
<p>Parses HTML form content. <code>request.data</code> will be populated with a <code>QueryDict</code> of data.</p>
<p>You will typically want to use both <code>FormParser</code> and <code>MultiPartParser</code> together in order to fully support HTML form data.</p>
<p><strong>.media_type</strong>: <code>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code></p>
<h2 id="multipartparser">MultiPartParser</h2>
<p>Parses multipart HTML form content, which supports file uploads. Both <code>request.data</code> will be populated with a <code>QueryDict</code>.</p>
<p>You will typically want to use both <code>FormParser</code> and <code>MultiPartParser</code> together in order to fully support HTML form data.</p>
<p><strong>.media_type</strong>: <code>multipart/form-data</code></p>
<h2 id="fileuploadparser">FileUploadParser</h2>
<p>Parses raw file upload content. The <code>request.data</code> property will be a dictionary with a single key <code>'file'</code> containing the uploaded file.</p>
<p>If the view used with <code>FileUploadParser</code> is called with a <code>filename</code> URL keyword argument, then that argument will be used as the filename. If it is called without a <code>filename</code> URL keyword argument, then the client must set the filename in the <code>Content-Disposition</code> HTTP header. For example <code>Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=upload.jpg</code>.</p>
<p><strong>.media_type</strong>: <code>*/*</code></p>
<h5 id="notes">Notes:</h5>
<ul>
<li>The <code>FileUploadParser</code> is for usage with native clients that can upload the file as a raw data request. For web-based uploads, or for native clients with multipart upload support, you should use the <code>MultiPartParser</code> parser instead.</li>
<li>Since this parser's <code>media_type</code> matches any content type, <code>FileUploadParser</code> should generally be the only parser set on an API view.</li>
<li><code>FileUploadParser</code> respects Django's standard <code>FILE_UPLOAD_HANDLERS</code> setting, and the <code>request.upload_handlers</code> attribute. See the <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/http/file-uploads/#upload-handlers">Django documentation</a> for more details.</li>
</ul>
<h5 id="basic-usage-example">Basic usage example:</h5>
<pre><code>class FileUploadView(views.APIView):
parser_classes = (FileUploadParser,)
def put(self, request, filename, format=None):
file_obj = request.data['file']
# ...
# do some stuff with uploaded file
# ...
return Response(status=204)
</code></pre>
<hr />
<h1 id="custom-parsers">Custom parsers</h1>
<p>To implement a custom parser, you should override <code>BaseParser</code>, set the <code>.media_type</code> property, and implement the <code>.parse(self, stream, media_type, parser_context)</code> method.</p>
<p>The method should return the data that will be used to populate the <code>request.data</code> property.</p>
<p>The arguments passed to <code>.parse()</code> are:</p>
<h3 id="stream">stream</h3>
<p>A stream-like object representing the body of the request.</p>
<h3 id="media_type">media_type</h3>
<p>Optional. If provided, this is the media type of the incoming request content.</p>
<p>Depending on the request's <code>Content-Type:</code> header, this may be more specific than the renderer's <code>media_type</code> attribute, and may include media type parameters. For example <code>"text/plain; charset=utf-8"</code>.</p>
<h3 id="parser_context">parser_context</h3>
<p>Optional. If supplied, this argument will be a dictionary containing any additional context that may be required to parse the request content.</p>
<p>By default this will include the following keys: <code>view</code>, <code>request</code>, <code>args</code>, <code>kwargs</code>.</p>
<h2 id="example">Example</h2>
<p>The following is an example plaintext parser that will populate the <code>request.data</code> property with a string representing the body of the request. </p>
<pre><code>class PlainTextParser(BaseParser):
"""
Plain text parser.
"""
media_type = 'text/plain'
def parse(self, stream, media_type=None, parser_context=None):
"""
Simply return a string representing the body of the request.
"""
return stream.read()
</code></pre>
<hr />
<h1 id="third-party-packages">Third party packages</h1>
<p>The following third party packages are also available.</p>
<h2 id="messagepack">MessagePack</h2>
<p><a href="https://github.com/juanriaza/django-rest-framework-msgpack">MessagePack</a> is a fast, efficient binary serialization format. <a href="https://github.com/juanriaza">Juan Riaza</a> maintains the <a href="https://github.com/juanriaza/django-rest-framework-msgpack">djangorestframework-msgpack</a> package which provides MessagePack renderer and parser support for REST framework.</p>
<h2 id="camelcase-json">CamelCase JSON</h2>
<p><a href="https://github.com/vbabiy/djangorestframework-camel-case">djangorestframework-camel-case</a> provides camel case JSON renderers and parsers for REST framework. This allows serializers to use Python-style underscored field names, but be exposed in the API as Javascript-style camel case field names. It is maintained by <a href="https://github.com/vbabiy">Vitaly Babiy</a>.</p>
</div>
<!--/span-->
</div>
<!--/row-->
</div>
<!--/.fluid-container-->
</div>
<!--/.body content-->
<div id="push"></div>
</div>
<!--/.wrapper -->
<footer class="span12">
<p>Documentation built with <a href="http://www.mkdocs.org/">MkDocs</a>.</a>
</p>
</footer>
<!-- Le javascript
================================================== -->
<!-- Placed at the end of the document so the pages load faster -->
<script src="../../js/jquery-1.8.1-min.js"></script>
<script src="../../js/prettify-1.0.js"></script>
<script src="../../js/bootstrap-2.1.1-min.js"></script>
<script src="../../js/theme.js"></script>
<script>
//$('.side-nav').scrollspy()
var shiftWindow = function() {
scrollBy(0, -50)
};
if (location.hash) shiftWindow();
window.addEventListener("hashchange", shiftWindow);
$('.dropdown-menu').on('click touchstart', function(event) {
event.stopPropagation();
});
// Dynamically force sidenav to no higher than browser window
$('.side-nav').css('max-height', window.innerHeight - 130);
$(function() {
$(window).resize(function() {
$('.side-nav').css('max-height', window.innerHeight - 130);
});
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
|
