Quickstart

We're going to create a simple API to allow admin users to view and edit the users and groups in the system.

Project setup

Create a new Django project named tutorial, then start a new app called quickstart.

# Set up a new project
+django-admin.py startproject tutorial
+cd tutorial
+
+# Create a virtualenv to isolate our package dependencies locally
+virtualenv env
+source env/bin/activate  # On Windows use `env\Scripts\activate`
+
+# Install Django and Django REST framework into the virtualenv
+pip install django
+pip install djangorestframework
+
+# Create a new app
+python manage.py startapp quickstart
+

Next you'll need to get a database set up and synced. If you just want to use SQLite for now, then you'll want to edit your tutorial/settings.py module to include something like this:

DATABASES = {
+    'default': {
+        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
+        'NAME': 'database.sql',
+        'USER': '',
+        'PASSWORD': '',
+        'HOST': '',
+        'PORT': ''
+    }
+}
+

The run syncdb like so:

python manage.py syncdb
+

Once you've set up a database and got everything synced and ready to go, open up the app's directory and we'll get coding...

Serializers

First up we're going to define some serializers in quickstart/serializers.py that we'll use for our data representations.

from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
+from rest_framework import serializers
+
+
+class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
+    class Meta:
+        model = User
+        fields = ('url', 'username', 'email', 'groups')
+
+
+class GroupSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
+    class Meta:
+        model = Group
+        fields = ('url', 'name')
+

Notice that we're using hyperlinked relations in this case, with HyperlinkedModelSerializer. You can also use primary key and various other relationships, but hyperlinking is good RESTful design.

Views

Right, we'd better write some views then. Open quickstart/views.py and get typing.

from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
+from rest_framework import viewsets
+from quickstart.serializers import UserSerializer, GroupSerializer
+
+
+class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
+    """
+    API endpoint that allows users to be viewed or edited.
+    """
+    queryset = User.objects.all()
+    serializer_class = UserSerializer
+
+
+class GroupViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
+    """
+    API endpoint that allows groups to be viewed or edited.
+    """
+    queryset = Group.objects.all()
+    serializer_class = GroupSerializer
+

Rather than write multiple views we're grouping together all the common behavior into classes called ViewSets.

We can easily break these down into individual views if we need to, but using viewsets keeps the view logic nicely organized as well as being very concise.

URLs

Okay, now let's wire up the API URLs. On to tutorial/urls.py...

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
+from rest_framework import routers
+from quickstart import views
+
+router = routers.DefaultRouter()
+router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)
+router.register(r'groups', views.GroupViewSet)
+
+# Wire up our API using automatic URL routing.
+# Additionally, we include login URLs for the browseable API.
+urlpatterns = patterns('',
+    url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
+    url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
+)
+

Because we're using viewsets instead of views, we can automatically generate the URL conf for our API, by simply registering the viewsets with a router class.

Again, if we need more control over the API URLs we can simply drop down to using regular class based views, and writing the URL conf explicitly.

Finally, we're including default login and logout views for use with the browsable API. That's optional, but useful if your API requires authentication and you want to use the browsable API.

Settings

We'd also like to set a few global settings. We'd like to turn on pagination, and we want our API to only be accessible to admin users. The settings module will be in tutorial/settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = (
+    ...
+    'rest_framework',
+)
+
+REST_FRAMEWORK = {
+    'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': ('rest_framework.permissions.IsAdminUser',),
+    'PAGINATE_BY': 10
+}
+

Okay, we're done.

Testing our API

We're now ready to test the API we've built. Let's fire up the server from the command line.

python ./manage.py runserver
+

We can now access our API, both from the command-line, using tools like curl...

bash: curl -H 'Accept: application/json; indent=4' -u admin:password http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/ 
+{
+    "count": 2, 
+    "next": null, 
+    "previous": null, 
+    "results": [
+        {
+            "email": "admin@example.com", 
+            "groups": [], 
+            "url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/1/", 
+            "username": "admin"
+        }, 
+        {
+            "email": "tom@example.com", 
+            "groups": [                ], 
+            "url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/2/", 
+            "username": "tom"
+        }
+    ]
+}
+

Or directly through the browser...

Quick start image

Great, that was easy!

If you want to get a more in depth understanding of how REST framework fits together head on over to the tutorial, or start browsing the API guide.