diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'docs/api-guide')
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/api-guide/fields.md | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/api-guide/routers.md | 115 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/api-guide/settings.md | 6 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/api-guide/throttling.md | 13 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/api-guide/viewsets.md | 28 |
5 files changed, 131 insertions, 34 deletions
diff --git a/docs/api-guide/fields.md b/docs/api-guide/fields.md index 67fa65d2..883734a3 100644 --- a/docs/api-guide/fields.md +++ b/docs/api-guide/fields.md @@ -164,11 +164,12 @@ Corresponds to `django.db.models.fields.BooleanField`. ## CharField A text representation, optionally validates the text to be shorter than `max_length` and longer than `min_length`. +If `allow_none` is `False` (default), `None` values will be converted to an empty string. Corresponds to `django.db.models.fields.CharField` or `django.db.models.fields.TextField`. -**Signature:** `CharField(max_length=None, min_length=None)` +**Signature:** `CharField(max_length=None, min_length=None, allow_none=False)` ## URLField diff --git a/docs/api-guide/routers.md b/docs/api-guide/routers.md index 7efc140a..819cf980 100644 --- a/docs/api-guide/routers.md +++ b/docs/api-guide/routers.md @@ -51,36 +51,41 @@ This means you'll need to explicitly set the `base_name` argument when registeri ### Extra link and actions -Any methods on the viewset decorated with `@link` or `@action` will also be routed. +Any methods on the viewset decorated with `@detail_route` or `@list_route` will also be routed. For example, given a method like this on the `UserViewSet` class: - from myapp.permissions import IsAdminOrIsSelf - from rest_framework.decorators import action - - @action(permission_classes=[IsAdminOrIsSelf]) - def set_password(self, request, pk=None): + from myapp.permissions import IsAdminOrIsSelf + from rest_framework.decorators import detail_route + + class UserViewSet(ModelViewSet): ... + + @detail_route(methods=['post'], permission_classes=[IsAdminOrIsSelf]) + def set_password(self, request, pk=None): + ... The following URL pattern would additionally be generated: * URL pattern: `^users/{pk}/set_password/$` Name: `'user-set-password'` +For more information see the viewset documentation on [marking extra actions for routing][route-decorators]. + # API Guide ## SimpleRouter -This router includes routes for the standard set of `list`, `create`, `retrieve`, `update`, `partial_update` and `destroy` actions. The viewset can also mark additional methods to be routed, using the `@link` or `@action` decorators. +This router includes routes for the standard set of `list`, `create`, `retrieve`, `update`, `partial_update` and `destroy` actions. The viewset can also mark additional methods to be routed, using the `@detail_route` or `@list_route` decorators. <table border=1> <tr><th>URL Style</th><th>HTTP Method</th><th>Action</th><th>URL Name</th></tr> <tr><td rowspan=2>{prefix}/</td><td>GET</td><td>list</td><td rowspan=2>{basename}-list</td></tr></tr> <tr><td>POST</td><td>create</td></tr> + <tr><td>{prefix}/{methodname}/</td><td>GET, or as specified by `methods` argument</td><td>`@list_route` decorated method</td><td>{basename}-{methodname}</td></tr> <tr><td rowspan=4>{prefix}/{lookup}/</td><td>GET</td><td>retrieve</td><td rowspan=4>{basename}-detail</td></tr></tr> <tr><td>PUT</td><td>update</td></tr> <tr><td>PATCH</td><td>partial_update</td></tr> <tr><td>DELETE</td><td>destroy</td></tr> - <tr><td rowspan=2>{prefix}/{lookup}/{methodname}/</td><td>GET</td><td>@link decorated method</td><td rowspan=2>{basename}-{methodname}</td></tr> - <tr><td>POST</td><td>@action decorated method</td></tr> + <tr><td>{prefix}/{lookup}/{methodname}/</td><td>GET, or as specified by `methods` argument</td><td>`@detail_route` decorated method</td><td>{basename}-{methodname}</td></tr> </table> By default the URLs created by `SimpleRouter` are appended with a trailing slash. @@ -90,6 +95,12 @@ This behavior can be modified by setting the `trailing_slash` argument to `False Trailing slashes are conventional in Django, but are not used by default in some other frameworks such as Rails. Which style you choose to use is largely a matter of preference, although some javascript frameworks may expect a particular routing style. +The router will match lookup values containing any characters except slashes and period characters. For a more restrictive (or lenient) lookup pattern, set the `lookup_value_regex` attribute on the viewset. For example, you can limit the lookup to valid UUIDs: + + class MyModelViewSet(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, viewsets.GenericViewSet): + lookup_field = 'my_model_id' + lookup_value_regex = '[0-9a-f]{32}' + ## DefaultRouter This router is similar to `SimpleRouter` as above, but additionally includes a default API root view, that returns a response containing hyperlinks to all the list views. It also generates routes for optional `.json` style format suffixes. @@ -99,12 +110,12 @@ This router is similar to `SimpleRouter` as above, but additionally includes a d <tr><td>[.format]</td><td>GET</td><td>automatically generated root view</td><td>api-root</td></tr></tr> <tr><td rowspan=2>{prefix}/[.format]</td><td>GET</td><td>list</td><td rowspan=2>{basename}-list</td></tr></tr> <tr><td>POST</td><td>create</td></tr> + <tr><td>{prefix}/{methodname}/[.format]</td><td>GET, or as specified by `methods` argument</td><td>`@list_route` decorated method</td><td>{basename}-{methodname}</td></tr> <tr><td rowspan=4>{prefix}/{lookup}/[.format]</td><td>GET</td><td>retrieve</td><td rowspan=4>{basename}-detail</td></tr></tr> <tr><td>PUT</td><td>update</td></tr> <tr><td>PATCH</td><td>partial_update</td></tr> <tr><td>DELETE</td><td>destroy</td></tr> - <tr><td rowspan=2>{prefix}/{lookup}/{methodname}/[.format]</td><td>GET</td><td>@link decorated method</td><td rowspan=2>{basename}-{methodname}</td></tr> - <tr><td>POST</td><td>@action decorated method</td></tr> + <tr><td>{prefix}/{lookup}/{methodname}/[.format]</td><td>GET, or as specified by `methods` argument</td><td>`@detail_route` decorated method</td><td>{basename}-{methodname}</td></tr> </table> As with `SimpleRouter` the trailing slashes on the URL routes can be removed by setting the `trailing_slash` argument to `False` when instantiating the router. @@ -133,28 +144,87 @@ The arguments to the `Route` named tuple are: **initkwargs**: A dictionary of any additional arguments that should be passed when instantiating the view. Note that the `suffix` argument is reserved for identifying the viewset type, used when generating the view name and breadcrumb links. +## Customizing dynamic routes + +You can also customize how the `@list_route` and `@detail_route` decorators are routed. +To route either or both of these decorators, include a `DynamicListRoute` and/or `DynamicDetailRoute` named tuple in the `.routes` list. + +The arguments to `DynamicListRoute` and `DynamicDetailRoute` are: + +**url**: A string representing the URL to be routed. May include the same format strings as `Route`, and additionally accepts the `{methodname}` and `{methodnamehyphen}` format strings. + +**name**: The name of the URL as used in `reverse` calls. May include the following format strings: `{basename}`, `{methodname}` and `{methodnamehyphen}`. + +**initkwargs**: A dictionary of any additional arguments that should be passed when instantiating the view. + ## Example The following example will only route to the `list` and `retrieve` actions, and does not use the trailing slash convention. - from rest_framework.routers import Route, SimpleRouter + from rest_framework.routers import Route, DynamicDetailRoute, SimpleRouter - class ReadOnlyRouter(SimpleRouter): + class CustomReadOnlyRouter(SimpleRouter): """ A router for read-only APIs, which doesn't use trailing slashes. """ routes = [ - Route(url=r'^{prefix}$', - mapping={'get': 'list'}, - name='{basename}-list', - initkwargs={'suffix': 'List'}), - Route(url=r'^{prefix}/{lookup}$', - mapping={'get': 'retrieve'}, - name='{basename}-detail', - initkwargs={'suffix': 'Detail'}) + Route( + url=r'^{prefix}$', + mapping={'get': 'list'}, + name='{basename}-list', + initkwargs={'suffix': 'List'} + ), + Route( + url=r'^{prefix}/{lookup}$', + mapping={'get': 'retrieve'}, + name='{basename}-detail', + initkwargs={'suffix': 'Detail'} + ), + DynamicDetailRoute( + url=r'^{prefix}/{lookup}/{methodnamehyphen}$', + name='{basename}-{methodnamehyphen}', + initkwargs={} + ) ] -The `SimpleRouter` class provides another example of setting the `.routes` attribute. +Let's take a look at the routes our `CustomReadOnlyRouter` would generate for a simple viewset. + +`views.py`: + + class UserViewSet(viewsets.ReadOnlyModelViewSet): + """ + A viewset that provides the standard actions + """ + queryset = User.objects.all() + serializer_class = UserSerializer + lookup_field = 'username' + + @detail_route() + def group_names(self, request): + """ + Returns a list of all the group names that the given + user belongs to. + """ + user = self.get_object() + groups = user.groups.all() + return Response([group.name for group in groups]) + +`urls.py`: + + router = CustomReadOnlyRouter() + router.register('users', UserViewSet) + urlpatterns = router.urls + +The following mappings would be generated... + +<table border=1> + <tr><th>URL</th><th>HTTP Method</th><th>Action</th><th>URL Name</th></tr> + <tr><td>/users</td><td>GET</td><td>list</td><td>user-list</td></tr> + <tr><td>/users/{username}</td><td>GET</td><td>retrieve</td><td>user-detail</td></tr> + <tr><td>/users/{username}/group-names</td><td>GET</td><td>group_names</td><td>user-group-names</td></tr> +</table> + +For another example of setting the `.routes` attribute, see the source code for the `SimpleRouter` class. ## Advanced custom routers @@ -180,6 +250,7 @@ The [wq.db package][wq.db] provides an advanced [Router][wq.db-router] class (an app.router.register_model(MyModel) [cite]: http://guides.rubyonrails.org/routing.html +[route-decorators]: viewsets.html#marking-extra-actions-for-routing [drf-nested-routers]: https://github.com/alanjds/drf-nested-routers [wq.db]: http://wq.io/wq.db [wq.db-router]: http://wq.io/docs/app.py diff --git a/docs/api-guide/settings.md b/docs/api-guide/settings.md index c979019f..8bde4d87 100644 --- a/docs/api-guide/settings.md +++ b/docs/api-guide/settings.md @@ -377,5 +377,11 @@ The name of a parameter in the URL conf that may be used to provide a format suf Default: `'format'` +#### NUM_PROXIES + +An integer of 0 or more, that may be used to specify the number of application proxies that the API runs behind. This allows throttling to more accurately identify client IP addresses. If set to `None` then less strict IP matching will be used by the throttle classes. + +Default: `None` + [cite]: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0020/ [strftime]: http://docs.python.org/2/library/time.html#time.strftime diff --git a/docs/api-guide/throttling.md b/docs/api-guide/throttling.md index b7c320f0..d223f9b3 100644 --- a/docs/api-guide/throttling.md +++ b/docs/api-guide/throttling.md @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ The default throttling policy may be set globally, using the `DEFAULT_THROTTLE_C 'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': { 'anon': '100/day', 'user': '1000/day' - } + } } The rate descriptions used in `DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES` may include `second`, `minute`, `hour` or `day` as the throttle period. @@ -66,6 +66,16 @@ Or, if you're using the `@api_view` decorator with function based views. } return Response(content) +## How clients are identified + +The `X-Forwarded-For` and `Remote-Addr` HTTP headers are used to uniquely identify client IP addresses for throttling. If the `X-Forwarded-For` header is present then it will be used, otherwise the value of the `Remote-Addr` header will be used. + +If you need to strictly identify unique client IP addresses, you'll need to first configure the number of application proxies that the API runs behind by setting the `NUM_PROXIES` setting. This setting should be an integer of zero or more. If set to non-zero then the client IP will be identified as being the last IP address in the `X-Forwarded-For` header, once any application proxy IP addresses have first been excluded. If set to zero, then the `Remote-Addr` header will always be used as the identifying IP address. + +It is important to understand that if you configure the `NUM_PROXIES` setting, then all clients behind a unique [NAT'd](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_address_translation) gateway will be treated as a single client. + +Further context on how the `X-Forwarded-For` header works, and identifing a remote client IP can be [found here][identifing-clients]. + ## Setting up the cache The throttle classes provided by REST framework use Django's cache backend. You should make sure that you've set appropriate [cache settings][cache-setting]. The default value of `LocMemCache` backend should be okay for simple setups. See Django's [cache documentation][cache-docs] for more details. @@ -178,5 +188,6 @@ The following is an example of a rate throttle, that will randomly throttle 1 in [cite]: https://dev.twitter.com/docs/error-codes-responses [permissions]: permissions.md +[identifing-clients]: http://oxpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=AppSuite:Grizzly#Multiple_Proxies_in_front_of_the_cluster [cache-setting]: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#caches [cache-docs]: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/cache/#setting-up-the-cache diff --git a/docs/api-guide/viewsets.md b/docs/api-guide/viewsets.md index 23b16575..161fd2a9 100644 --- a/docs/api-guide/viewsets.md +++ b/docs/api-guide/viewsets.md @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ There are two main advantages of using a `ViewSet` class over using a `View` cla Both of these come with a trade-off. Using regular views and URL confs is more explicit and gives you more control. ViewSets are helpful if you want to get up and running quickly, or when you have a large API and you want to enforce a consistent URL configuration throughout. -## Marking extra methods for routing +## Marking extra actions for routing The default routers included with REST framework will provide routes for a standard set of create/retrieve/update/destroy style operations, as shown below: @@ -101,14 +101,16 @@ The default routers included with REST framework will provide routes for a stand def destroy(self, request, pk=None): pass -If you have ad-hoc methods that you need to be routed to, you can mark them as requiring routing using the `@link` or `@action` decorators. The `@link` decorator will route `GET` requests, and the `@action` decorator will route `POST` requests. +If you have ad-hoc methods that you need to be routed to, you can mark them as requiring routing using the `@detail_route` or `@list_route` decorators. + +The `@detail_route` decorator contains `pk` in its URL pattern and is intended for methods which require a single instance. The `@list_route` decorator is intended for methods which operate on a list of objects. For example: from django.contrib.auth.models import User - from rest_framework import viewsets from rest_framework import status - from rest_framework.decorators import action + from rest_framework import viewsets + from rest_framework.decorators import detail_route, list_route from rest_framework.response import Response from myapp.serializers import UserSerializer, PasswordSerializer @@ -119,7 +121,7 @@ For example: queryset = User.objects.all() serializer_class = UserSerializer - @action() + @detail_route(methods=['post']) def set_password(self, request, pk=None): user = self.get_object() serializer = PasswordSerializer(data=request.DATA) @@ -131,21 +133,27 @@ For example: return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST) -The `@action` and `@link` decorators can additionally take extra arguments that will be set for the routed view only. For example... + @list_route() + def recent_users(self, request): + recent_users = User.objects.all().order('-last_login') + page = self.paginate_queryset(recent_users) + serializer = self.get_pagination_serializer(page) + return Response(serializer.data) + +The decorators can additionally take extra arguments that will be set for the routed view only. For example... - @action(permission_classes=[IsAdminOrIsSelf]) + @detail_route(methods=['post'], permission_classes=[IsAdminOrIsSelf]) def set_password(self, request, pk=None): ... -The `@action` decorator will route `POST` requests by default, but may also accept other HTTP methods, by using the `method` argument. For example: +By default, the decorators will route `GET` requests, but may also accept other HTTP methods, by using the `methods` argument. For example: - @action(methods=['POST', 'DELETE']) + @detail_route(methods=['post', 'delete']) def unset_password(self, request, pk=None): ... The two new actions will then be available at the urls `^users/{pk}/set_password/$` and `^users/{pk}/unset_password/$` - --- # API Reference |