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-rwxr-xr-xdocs/api-guide/authentication.md30
-rw-r--r--docs/api-guide/exceptions.md4
-rw-r--r--docs/api-guide/fields.md43
-rw-r--r--docs/api-guide/filtering.md16
-rwxr-xr-xdocs/api-guide/generic-views.md4
-rw-r--r--docs/api-guide/pagination.md11
-rw-r--r--docs/api-guide/permissions.md9
-rw-r--r--docs/api-guide/renderers.md20
-rw-r--r--docs/api-guide/routers.md124
-rw-r--r--docs/api-guide/serializers.md26
-rw-r--r--docs/api-guide/settings.md18
-rw-r--r--docs/api-guide/testing.md4
-rw-r--r--docs/api-guide/throttling.md15
-rw-r--r--docs/api-guide/viewsets.md28
14 files changed, 272 insertions, 80 deletions
diff --git a/docs/api-guide/authentication.md b/docs/api-guide/authentication.md
index dc8e2099..1cb37d67 100755
--- a/docs/api-guide/authentication.md
+++ b/docs/api-guide/authentication.md
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ Note that if deploying to [Apache using mod_wsgi][mod_wsgi_official], the author
If you are deploying to Apache, and using any non-session based authentication, you will need to explicitly configure mod_wsgi to pass the required headers through to the application. This can be done by specifying the `WSGIPassAuthorization` directive in the appropriate context and setting it to `'On'`.
- # this can go in either server config, virtual host, directory or .htaccess
+ # this can go in either server config, virtual host, directory or .htaccess
WSGIPassAuthorization On
---
@@ -117,15 +117,15 @@ Unauthenticated responses that are denied permission will result in an `HTTP 401
## TokenAuthentication
-This authentication scheme uses a simple token-based HTTP Authentication scheme. Token authentication is appropriate for client-server setups, such as native desktop and mobile clients.
+This authentication scheme uses a simple token-based HTTP Authentication scheme. Token authentication is appropriate for client-server setups, such as native desktop and mobile clients.
-To use the `TokenAuthentication` scheme, include `rest_framework.authtoken` in your `INSTALLED_APPS` setting:
+To use the `TokenAuthentication` scheme you'll need to [configure the authentication classes](#setting-the-authentication-scheme) to include `TokenAuthentication`, and additionally include `rest_framework.authtoken` in your `INSTALLED_APPS` setting:
INSTALLED_APPS = (
...
'rest_framework.authtoken'
)
-
+
Make sure to run `manage.py syncdb` after changing your settings. The `authtoken` database tables are managed by south (see [Schema migrations](#schema-migrations) below).
You'll also need to create tokens for your users.
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ You can do so by inserting a `needed_by` attribute in your user migration:
needed_by = (
('authtoken', '0001_initial'),
)
-
+
def forwards(self):
...
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ Note that the `namespace='oauth2'` argument is required.
Finally, sync your database.
python manage.py syncdb
- python manage.py migrate
+ python manage.py migrate
---
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ The following example will authenticate any incoming request as the user given b
user = User.objects.get(username=username)
except User.DoesNotExist:
raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('No such user')
-
+
return (user, None)
---
@@ -393,6 +393,14 @@ The [Django OAuth2 Consumer][doac] library from [Rediker Software][rediker] is a
JSON Web Token is a fairly new standard which can be used for token-based authentication. Unlike the built-in TokenAuthentication scheme, JWT Authentication doesn't need to use a database to validate a token. [Blimp][blimp] maintains the [djangorestframework-jwt][djangorestframework-jwt] package which provides a JWT Authentication class as well as a mechanism for clients to obtain a JWT given the username and password.
+## Hawk HTTP Authentication
+
+The [HawkREST][hawkrest] library builds on the [Mohawk][mohawk] library to let you work with [Hawk][hawk] signed requests and responses in your API. [Hawk][hawk] lets two parties securely communicate with each other using messages signed by a shared key. It is based on [HTTP MAC access authentication][mac] (which was based on parts of [OAuth 1.0][oauth-1.0a]).
+
+## HTTP Signature Authentication
+
+HTTP Signature (currently a [IETF draft][http-signature-ietf-draft]) provides a way to achieve origin authentication and message integrity for HTTP messages. Similar to [Amazon's HTTP Signature scheme][amazon-http-signature], used by many of its services, it permits stateless, per-request authentication. [Elvio Toccalino][etoccalino] maintains the [djangorestframework-httpsignature][djangorestframework-httpsignature] package which provides an easy to use HTTP Signature Authentication mechanism.
+
[cite]: http://jacobian.org/writing/rest-worst-practices/
[http401]: http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.2
[http403]: http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.4
@@ -419,3 +427,11 @@ JSON Web Token is a fairly new standard which can be used for token-based authen
[doac-rest-framework]: https://github.com/Rediker-Software/doac/blob/master/docs/integrations.md#
[blimp]: https://github.com/GetBlimp
[djangorestframework-jwt]: https://github.com/GetBlimp/django-rest-framework-jwt
+[etoccalino]: https://github.com/etoccalino/
+[djangorestframework-httpsignature]: https://github.com/etoccalino/django-rest-framework-httpsignature
+[amazon-http-signature]: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/signature-version-4.html
+[http-signature-ietf-draft]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-cavage-http-signatures/
+[hawkrest]: http://hawkrest.readthedocs.org/en/latest/
+[hawk]: https://github.com/hueniverse/hawk
+[mohawk]: http://mohawk.readthedocs.org/en/latest/
+[mac]: http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-hammer-oauth-v2-mac-token-05
diff --git a/docs/api-guide/exceptions.md b/docs/api-guide/exceptions.md
index 4e8b823c..66e18173 100644
--- a/docs/api-guide/exceptions.md
+++ b/docs/api-guide/exceptions.md
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ The handled exceptions are:
In each case, REST framework will return a response with an appropriate status code and content-type. The body of the response will include any additional details regarding the nature of the error.
-By default all error responses will include a key `details` in the body of the response, but other keys may also be included.
+By default all error responses will include a key `detail` in the body of the response, but other keys may also be included.
For example, the following request:
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ Note that the exception handler will only be called for responses generated by r
The **base class** for all exceptions raised inside REST framework.
-To provide a custom exception, subclass `APIException` and set the `.status_code` and `.detail` properties on the class.
+To provide a custom exception, subclass `APIException` and set the `.status_code` and `.default_detail` properties on the class.
For example, if your API relies on a third party service that may sometimes be unreachable, you might want to implement an exception for the "503 Service Unavailable" HTTP response code. You could do this like so:
diff --git a/docs/api-guide/fields.md b/docs/api-guide/fields.md
index 93f992e6..d23f3d19 100644
--- a/docs/api-guide/fields.md
+++ b/docs/api-guide/fields.md
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
# Serializer fields
-> Each field in a Form class is responsible not only for validating data, but also for "cleaning" it — normalizing it to a consistent format.
+> Each field in a Form class is responsible not only for validating data, but also for "cleaning" it — normalizing it to a consistent format.
>
> — [Django documentation][cite]
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Defaults to `True`.
### `default`
-If set, this gives the default value that will be used for the field if no input value is supplied. If not set the default behavior is to not populate the attribute at all.
+If set, this gives the default value that will be used for the field if no input value is supplied. If not set the default behavior is to not populate the attribute at all.
May be set to a function or other callable, in which case the value will be evaluated each time it is used.
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ For example, using the following model.
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
payment_expiry = models.DateTimeField()
-
+
def has_expired(self):
return now() > self.payment_expiry
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ A serializer definition that looked like this:
class AccountSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
expired = serializers.Field(source='has_expired')
-
+
class Meta:
model = Account
fields = ('url', 'owner', 'name', 'expired')
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ Would produce output similar to:
{
'url': 'http://example.com/api/accounts/3/',
'owner': 'http://example.com/api/users/12/',
- 'name': 'FooCorp business account',
+ 'name': 'FooCorp business account',
'expired': True
}
@@ -164,11 +164,12 @@ Corresponds to `django.db.models.fields.BooleanField`.
## CharField
A text representation, optionally validates the text to be shorter than `max_length` and longer than `min_length`.
+If `allow_none` is `False` (default), `None` values will be converted to an empty string.
Corresponds to `django.db.models.fields.CharField`
or `django.db.models.fields.TextField`.
-**Signature:** `CharField(max_length=None, min_length=None)`
+**Signature:** `CharField(max_length=None, min_length=None, allow_none=False)`
## URLField
@@ -184,7 +185,9 @@ Corresponds to `django.db.models.fields.SlugField`.
## ChoiceField
-A field that can accept a value out of a limited set of choices.
+A field that can accept a value out of a limited set of choices. Optionally takes a `blank_display_value` parameter that customizes the display value of an empty choice.
+
+**Signature:** `ChoiceField(choices=(), blank_display_value=None)`
## EmailField
@@ -224,7 +227,7 @@ In the case of JSON this means the default datetime representation uses the [ECM
**Signature:** `DateTimeField(format=None, input_formats=None)`
-* `format` - A string representing the output format. If not specified, this defaults to `None`, which indicates that Python `datetime` objects should be returned by `to_native`. In this case the datetime encoding will be determined by the renderer.
+* `format` - A string representing the output format. If not specified, this defaults to `None`, which indicates that Python `datetime` objects should be returned by `to_native`. In this case the datetime encoding will be determined by the renderer.
* `input_formats` - A list of strings representing the input formats which may be used to parse the date. If not specified, the `DATETIME_INPUT_FORMATS` setting will be used, which defaults to `['iso-8601']`.
DateTime format strings may either be [Python strftime formats][strftime] which explicitly specify the format, or the special string `'iso-8601'`, which indicates that [ISO 8601][iso8601] style datetimes should be used. (eg `'2013-01-29T12:34:56.000000Z'`)
@@ -284,7 +287,7 @@ Corresponds to `django.forms.fields.FileField`.
**Signature:** `FileField(max_length=None, allow_empty_file=False)`
- `max_length` designates the maximum length for the file name.
-
+
- `allow_empty_file` designates if empty files are allowed.
## ImageField
@@ -329,12 +332,12 @@ Let's look at an example of serializing a class that represents an RGB color val
"""
def to_native(self, obj):
return "rgb(%d, %d, %d)" % (obj.red, obj.green, obj.blue)
-
+
def from_native(self, data):
data = data.strip('rgb(').rstrip(')')
red, green, blue = [int(col) for col in data.split(',')]
return Color(red, green, blue)
-
+
By default field values are treated as mapping to an attribute on the object. If you need to customize how the field value is accessed and set you need to override `.field_to_native()` and/or `.field_from_native()`.
@@ -345,10 +348,26 @@ As an example, let's create a field that can be used represent the class name of
"""
Serialize the object's class name.
"""
- return obj.__class__
+ return obj.__class__.__name__
+
+# Third party packages
+
+The following third party packages are also available.
+
+## DRF Compound Fields
+
+The [drf-compound-fields][drf-compound-fields] package provides "compound" serializer fields, such as lists of simple values, which can be described by other fields rather than serializers with the `many=True` option. Also provided are fields for typed dictionaries and values that can be either a specific type or a list of items of that type.
+
+## DRF Extra Fields
+
+The [drf-extra-fields][drf-extra-fields] package provides extra serializer fields for REST framework, including `Base64ImageField` and `PointField` classes.
+
+
[cite]: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/forms/api/#django.forms.Form.cleaned_data
[FILE_UPLOAD_HANDLERS]: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#std:setting-FILE_UPLOAD_HANDLERS
[ecma262]: http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-15.9.1.15
[strftime]: http://docs.python.org/2/library/datetime.html#strftime-and-strptime-behavior
[iso8601]: http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime
+[drf-compound-fields]: http://drf-compound-fields.readthedocs.org
+[drf-extra-fields]: https://github.com/Hipo/drf-extra-fields
diff --git a/docs/api-guide/filtering.md b/docs/api-guide/filtering.md
index 07420d84..ec5ab61f 100644
--- a/docs/api-guide/filtering.md
+++ b/docs/api-guide/filtering.md
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ For example:
from myapp.serializers import PurchaseSerializer
from rest_framework import generics
- class PurchaseList(generics.ListAPIView)
+ class PurchaseList(generics.ListAPIView):
serializer_class = PurchaseSerializer
def get_queryset(self):
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ For example if your URL config contained an entry like this:
You could then write a view that returned a purchase queryset filtered by the username portion of the URL:
- class PurchaseList(generics.ListAPIView)
+ class PurchaseList(generics.ListAPIView):
serializer_class = PurchaseSerializer
def get_queryset(self):
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ A final example of filtering the initial queryset would be to determine the init
We can override `.get_queryset()` to deal with URLs such as `http://example.com/api/purchases?username=denvercoder9`, and filter the queryset only if the `username` parameter is included in the URL:
- class PurchaseList(generics.ListAPIView)
+ class PurchaseList(generics.ListAPIView):
serializer_class = PurchaseSerializer
def get_queryset(self):
@@ -199,8 +199,7 @@ This enables us to make queries like:
http://example.com/api/products?manufacturer__name=foo
-This is nice, but it shows underlying model structure in REST API, which may
-be undesired, but you can use:
+This is nice, but it exposes the Django's double underscore convention as part of the API. If you instead want to explicitly name the filter argument you can instead explicitly include it on the `FilterSet` class:
import django_filters
from myapp.models import Product
@@ -208,7 +207,6 @@ be undesired, but you can use:
from rest_framework import generics
class ProductFilter(django_filters.FilterSet):
-
manufacturer = django_filters.CharFilter(name="manufacturer__name")
class Meta:
@@ -264,13 +262,17 @@ For example:
search_fields = ('=username', '=email')
+By default, the search parameter is named `'search`', but this may be overridden with the `SEARCH_PARAM` setting.
+
For more details, see the [Django documentation][search-django-admin].
---
## OrderingFilter
-The `OrderingFilter` class supports simple query parameter controlled ordering of results. To specify the result order, set a query parameter named `'ordering'` to the required field name. For example:
+The `OrderingFilter` class supports simple query parameter controlled ordering of results. By default, the query parameter is named `'ordering'`, but this may by overridden with the `ORDERING_PARAM` setting.
+
+For example, to order users by username:
http://example.com/api/users?ordering=username
diff --git a/docs/api-guide/generic-views.md b/docs/api-guide/generic-views.md
index fb927ea8..bb748981 100755
--- a/docs/api-guide/generic-views.md
+++ b/docs/api-guide/generic-views.md
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ The following attributes control the basic view behavior.
**Shortcuts**:
-* `model` - This shortcut may be used instead of setting either (or both) of the `queryset`/`serializer_class` attributes, although using the explicit style is generally preferred. If used instead of `serializer_class`, then then `DEFAULT_MODEL_SERIALIZER_CLASS` setting will determine the base serializer class. Note that `model` is only ever used for generating a default queryset or serializer class - the `queryset` and `serializer_class` attributes are always preferred if provided.
+* `model` - This shortcut may be used instead of setting either (or both) of the `queryset`/`serializer_class` attributes, although using the explicit style is generally preferred. If used instead of `serializer_class`, then `DEFAULT_MODEL_SERIALIZER_CLASS` setting will determine the base serializer class. Note that `model` is only ever used for generating a default queryset or serializer class - the `queryset` and `serializer_class` attributes are always preferred if provided.
**Pagination**:
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ Remember that the `pre_save()` method is not called by `GenericAPIView` itself,
You won't typically need to override the following methods, although you might need to call into them if you're writing custom views using `GenericAPIView`.
* `get_serializer_context(self)` - Returns a dictionary containing any extra context that should be supplied to the serializer. Defaults to including `'request'`, `'view'` and `'format'` keys.
-* `get_serializer(self, instance=None, data=None, files=None, many=False, partial=False)` - Returns a serializer instance.
+* `get_serializer(self, instance=None, data=None, files=None, many=False, partial=False, allow_add_remove=False)` - Returns a serializer instance.
* `get_pagination_serializer(self, page)` - Returns a serializer instance to use with paginated data.
* `paginate_queryset(self, queryset)` - Paginate a queryset if required, either returning a page object, or `None` if pagination is not configured for this view.
* `filter_queryset(self, queryset)` - Given a queryset, filter it with whichever filter backends are in use, returning a new queryset.
diff --git a/docs/api-guide/pagination.md b/docs/api-guide/pagination.md
index 0829589f..e57aed1a 100644
--- a/docs/api-guide/pagination.md
+++ b/docs/api-guide/pagination.md
@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ You can also set the pagination style on a per-view basis, using the `ListAPIVie
max_paginate_by = 100
Note that using a `paginate_by` value of `None` will turn off pagination for the view.
+Note if you use the `PAGINATE_BY_PARAM` settings, you also have to set the `paginate_by_param` attribute in your view to `None` in order to turn off pagination for those requests that contain the `paginate_by_param` parameter.
For more complex requirements such as serialization that differs depending on the requested media type you can override the `.get_paginate_by()` and `.get_pagination_serializer_class()` methods.
@@ -147,4 +148,14 @@ Alternatively, to set your custom pagination serializer on a per-view basis, use
pagination_serializer_class = CustomPaginationSerializer
paginate_by = 10
+# Third party packages
+
+The following third party packages are also available.
+
+## DRF-extensions
+
+The [`DRF-extensions` package][drf-extensions] includes a [`PaginateByMaxMixin` mixin class][paginate-by-max-mixin] that allows your API clients to specify `?page_size=max` to obtain the maximum allowed page size.
+
[cite]: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/pagination/
+[drf-extensions]: http://chibisov.github.io/drf-extensions/docs/
+[paginate-by-max-mixin]: http://chibisov.github.io/drf-extensions/docs/#paginatebymaxmixin
diff --git a/docs/api-guide/permissions.md b/docs/api-guide/permissions.md
index 6a0f48f4..c44b22de 100644
--- a/docs/api-guide/permissions.md
+++ b/docs/api-guide/permissions.md
@@ -36,6 +36,12 @@ For example:
self.check_object_permissions(self.request, obj)
return obj
+#### Limitations of object level permissions
+
+For performance reasons the generic views will not automatically apply object level permissions to each instance in a queryset when returning a list of objects.
+
+Often when you're using object level permissions you'll also want to [filter the queryset][filtering] appropriately, to ensure that users only have visibility onto instances that they are permitted to view.
+
## Setting the permission policy
The default permission policy may be set globally, using the `DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES` setting. For example.
@@ -56,7 +62,7 @@ You can also set the authentication policy on a per-view, or per-viewset basis,
using the `APIView` class based views.
from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated
- from rest_framework.responses import Response
+ from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.views import APIView
class ExampleView(APIView):
@@ -237,6 +243,7 @@ The [REST Condition][rest-condition] package is another extension for building c
[cite]: https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/security/Conceptual/AuthenticationAndAuthorizationGuide/Authorization/Authorization.html
[authentication]: authentication.md
[throttling]: throttling.md
+[filtering]: filtering.md
[contribauth]: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.0/topics/auth/#permissions
[objectpermissions]: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/auth/customizing/#handling-object-permissions
[guardian]: https://github.com/lukaszb/django-guardian
diff --git a/docs/api-guide/renderers.md b/docs/api-guide/renderers.md
index 7798827b..7a3429bf 100644
--- a/docs/api-guide/renderers.md
+++ b/docs/api-guide/renderers.md
@@ -138,6 +138,26 @@ Renders the request data into `YAML`.
Requires the `pyyaml` package to be installed.
+Note that non-ascii characters will be rendered using `\uXXXX` character escape. For example:
+
+ unicode black star: "\u2605"
+
+**.media_type**: `application/yaml`
+
+**.format**: `'.yaml'`
+
+**.charset**: `utf-8`
+
+## UnicodeYAMLRenderer
+
+Renders the request data into `YAML`.
+
+Requires the `pyyaml` package to be installed.
+
+Note that non-ascii characters will not be character escaped. For example:
+
+ unicode black star: ★
+
**.media_type**: `application/yaml`
**.format**: `'.yaml'`
diff --git a/docs/api-guide/routers.md b/docs/api-guide/routers.md
index 7efc140a..2d760ca4 100644
--- a/docs/api-guide/routers.md
+++ b/docs/api-guide/routers.md
@@ -51,36 +51,41 @@ This means you'll need to explicitly set the `base_name` argument when registeri
### Extra link and actions
-Any methods on the viewset decorated with `@link` or `@action` will also be routed.
+Any methods on the viewset decorated with `@detail_route` or `@list_route` will also be routed.
For example, given a method like this on the `UserViewSet` class:
- from myapp.permissions import IsAdminOrIsSelf
- from rest_framework.decorators import action
-
- @action(permission_classes=[IsAdminOrIsSelf])
- def set_password(self, request, pk=None):
+ from myapp.permissions import IsAdminOrIsSelf
+ from rest_framework.decorators import detail_route
+
+ class UserViewSet(ModelViewSet):
...
+
+ @detail_route(methods=['post'], permission_classes=[IsAdminOrIsSelf])
+ def set_password(self, request, pk=None):
+ ...
The following URL pattern would additionally be generated:
* URL pattern: `^users/{pk}/set_password/$` Name: `'user-set-password'`
+For more information see the viewset documentation on [marking extra actions for routing][route-decorators].
+
# API Guide
## SimpleRouter
-This router includes routes for the standard set of `list`, `create`, `retrieve`, `update`, `partial_update` and `destroy` actions. The viewset can also mark additional methods to be routed, using the `@link` or `@action` decorators.
+This router includes routes for the standard set of `list`, `create`, `retrieve`, `update`, `partial_update` and `destroy` actions. The viewset can also mark additional methods to be routed, using the `@detail_route` or `@list_route` decorators.
<table border=1>
<tr><th>URL Style</th><th>HTTP Method</th><th>Action</th><th>URL Name</th></tr>
<tr><td rowspan=2>{prefix}/</td><td>GET</td><td>list</td><td rowspan=2>{basename}-list</td></tr></tr>
<tr><td>POST</td><td>create</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>{prefix}/{methodname}/</td><td>GET, or as specified by `methods` argument</td><td>`@list_route` decorated method</td><td>{basename}-{methodname}</td></tr>
<tr><td rowspan=4>{prefix}/{lookup}/</td><td>GET</td><td>retrieve</td><td rowspan=4>{basename}-detail</td></tr></tr>
<tr><td>PUT</td><td>update</td></tr>
<tr><td>PATCH</td><td>partial_update</td></tr>
<tr><td>DELETE</td><td>destroy</td></tr>
- <tr><td rowspan=2>{prefix}/{lookup}/{methodname}/</td><td>GET</td><td>@link decorated method</td><td rowspan=2>{basename}-{methodname}</td></tr>
- <tr><td>POST</td><td>@action decorated method</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>{prefix}/{lookup}/{methodname}/</td><td>GET, or as specified by `methods` argument</td><td>`@detail_route` decorated method</td><td>{basename}-{methodname}</td></tr>
</table>
By default the URLs created by `SimpleRouter` are appended with a trailing slash.
@@ -90,6 +95,12 @@ This behavior can be modified by setting the `trailing_slash` argument to `False
Trailing slashes are conventional in Django, but are not used by default in some other frameworks such as Rails. Which style you choose to use is largely a matter of preference, although some javascript frameworks may expect a particular routing style.
+The router will match lookup values containing any characters except slashes and period characters. For a more restrictive (or lenient) lookup pattern, set the `lookup_value_regex` attribute on the viewset. For example, you can limit the lookup to valid UUIDs:
+
+ class MyModelViewSet(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, viewsets.GenericViewSet):
+ lookup_field = 'my_model_id'
+ lookup_value_regex = '[0-9a-f]{32}'
+
## DefaultRouter
This router is similar to `SimpleRouter` as above, but additionally includes a default API root view, that returns a response containing hyperlinks to all the list views. It also generates routes for optional `.json` style format suffixes.
@@ -99,12 +110,12 @@ This router is similar to `SimpleRouter` as above, but additionally includes a d
<tr><td>[.format]</td><td>GET</td><td>automatically generated root view</td><td>api-root</td></tr></tr>
<tr><td rowspan=2>{prefix}/[.format]</td><td>GET</td><td>list</td><td rowspan=2>{basename}-list</td></tr></tr>
<tr><td>POST</td><td>create</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>{prefix}/{methodname}/[.format]</td><td>GET, or as specified by `methods` argument</td><td>`@list_route` decorated method</td><td>{basename}-{methodname}</td></tr>
<tr><td rowspan=4>{prefix}/{lookup}/[.format]</td><td>GET</td><td>retrieve</td><td rowspan=4>{basename}-detail</td></tr></tr>
<tr><td>PUT</td><td>update</td></tr>
<tr><td>PATCH</td><td>partial_update</td></tr>
<tr><td>DELETE</td><td>destroy</td></tr>
- <tr><td rowspan=2>{prefix}/{lookup}/{methodname}/[.format]</td><td>GET</td><td>@link decorated method</td><td rowspan=2>{basename}-{methodname}</td></tr>
- <tr><td>POST</td><td>@action decorated method</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>{prefix}/{lookup}/{methodname}/[.format]</td><td>GET, or as specified by `methods` argument</td><td>`@detail_route` decorated method</td><td>{basename}-{methodname}</td></tr>
</table>
As with `SimpleRouter` the trailing slashes on the URL routes can be removed by setting the `trailing_slash` argument to `False` when instantiating the router.
@@ -133,28 +144,87 @@ The arguments to the `Route` named tuple are:
**initkwargs**: A dictionary of any additional arguments that should be passed when instantiating the view. Note that the `suffix` argument is reserved for identifying the viewset type, used when generating the view name and breadcrumb links.
+## Customizing dynamic routes
+
+You can also customize how the `@list_route` and `@detail_route` decorators are routed.
+To route either or both of these decorators, include a `DynamicListRoute` and/or `DynamicDetailRoute` named tuple in the `.routes` list.
+
+The arguments to `DynamicListRoute` and `DynamicDetailRoute` are:
+
+**url**: A string representing the URL to be routed. May include the same format strings as `Route`, and additionally accepts the `{methodname}` and `{methodnamehyphen}` format strings.
+
+**name**: The name of the URL as used in `reverse` calls. May include the following format strings: `{basename}`, `{methodname}` and `{methodnamehyphen}`.
+
+**initkwargs**: A dictionary of any additional arguments that should be passed when instantiating the view.
+
## Example
The following example will only route to the `list` and `retrieve` actions, and does not use the trailing slash convention.
- from rest_framework.routers import Route, SimpleRouter
+ from rest_framework.routers import Route, DynamicDetailRoute, SimpleRouter
- class ReadOnlyRouter(SimpleRouter):
+ class CustomReadOnlyRouter(SimpleRouter):
"""
A router for read-only APIs, which doesn't use trailing slashes.
"""
routes = [
- Route(url=r'^{prefix}$',
- mapping={'get': 'list'},
- name='{basename}-list',
- initkwargs={'suffix': 'List'}),
- Route(url=r'^{prefix}/{lookup}$',
- mapping={'get': 'retrieve'},
- name='{basename}-detail',
- initkwargs={'suffix': 'Detail'})
+ Route(
+ url=r'^{prefix}$',
+ mapping={'get': 'list'},
+ name='{basename}-list',
+ initkwargs={'suffix': 'List'}
+ ),
+ Route(
+ url=r'^{prefix}/{lookup}$',
+ mapping={'get': 'retrieve'},
+ name='{basename}-detail',
+ initkwargs={'suffix': 'Detail'}
+ ),
+ DynamicDetailRoute(
+ url=r'^{prefix}/{lookup}/{methodnamehyphen}$',
+ name='{basename}-{methodnamehyphen}',
+ initkwargs={}
+ )
]
-The `SimpleRouter` class provides another example of setting the `.routes` attribute.
+Let's take a look at the routes our `CustomReadOnlyRouter` would generate for a simple viewset.
+
+`views.py`:
+
+ class UserViewSet(viewsets.ReadOnlyModelViewSet):
+ """
+ A viewset that provides the standard actions
+ """
+ queryset = User.objects.all()
+ serializer_class = UserSerializer
+ lookup_field = 'username'
+
+ @detail_route()
+ def group_names(self, request):
+ """
+ Returns a list of all the group names that the given
+ user belongs to.
+ """
+ user = self.get_object()
+ groups = user.groups.all()
+ return Response([group.name for group in groups])
+
+`urls.py`:
+
+ router = CustomReadOnlyRouter()
+ router.register('users', UserViewSet)
+ urlpatterns = router.urls
+
+The following mappings would be generated...
+
+<table border=1>
+ <tr><th>URL</th><th>HTTP Method</th><th>Action</th><th>URL Name</th></tr>
+ <tr><td>/users</td><td>GET</td><td>list</td><td>user-list</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>/users/{username}</td><td>GET</td><td>retrieve</td><td>user-detail</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>/users/{username}/group-names</td><td>GET</td><td>group_names</td><td>user-group-names</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+For another example of setting the `.routes` attribute, see the source code for the `SimpleRouter` class.
## Advanced custom routers
@@ -179,7 +249,17 @@ The [wq.db package][wq.db] provides an advanced [Router][wq.db-router] class (an
app.router.register_model(MyModel)
+## DRF-extensions
+
+The [`DRF-extensions` package][drf-extensions] provides [routers][drf-extensions-routers] for creating [nested viewsets][drf-extensions-nested-viewsets], [collection level controllers][drf-extensions-collection-level-controllers] with [customizable endpoint names][drf-extensions-customizable-endpoint-names].
+
[cite]: http://guides.rubyonrails.org/routing.html
+[route-decorators]: viewsets.html#marking-extra-actions-for-routing
[drf-nested-routers]: https://github.com/alanjds/drf-nested-routers
[wq.db]: http://wq.io/wq.db
[wq.db-router]: http://wq.io/docs/app.py
+[drf-extensions]: http://chibisov.github.io/drf-extensions/docs/
+[drf-extensions-routers]: http://chibisov.github.io/drf-extensions/docs/#routers
+[drf-extensions-nested-viewsets]: http://chibisov.github.io/drf-extensions/docs/#nested-routes
+[drf-extensions-collection-level-controllers]: http://chibisov.github.io/drf-extensions/docs/#collection-level-controllers
+[drf-extensions-customizable-endpoint-names]: http://chibisov.github.io/drf-extensions/docs/#controller-endpoint-name
diff --git a/docs/api-guide/serializers.md b/docs/api-guide/serializers.md
index e8369c20..cedf1ff7 100644
--- a/docs/api-guide/serializers.md
+++ b/docs/api-guide/serializers.md
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ Sometimes when serializing objects, you may not want to represent everything exa
If you need to customize the serialized value of a particular field, you can do this by creating a `transform_<fieldname>` method. For example if you needed to render some markdown from a text field:
- description = serializers.TextField()
- description_html = serializers.TextField(source='description', read_only=True)
+ description = serializers.CharField()
+ description_html = serializers.CharField(source='description', read_only=True)
def transform_description_html(self, obj, value):
from django.contrib.markup.templatetags.markup import markdown
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ To do any other validation that requires access to multiple fields, add a method
"""
Check that the start is before the stop.
"""
- if attrs['start'] < attrs['finish']:
+ if attrs['start'] > attrs['finish']:
raise serializers.ValidationError("finish must occur after start")
return attrs
@@ -383,14 +383,14 @@ You may wish to specify multiple fields as write-only. Instead of adding each f
fields = ('email', 'username', 'password')
write_only_fields = ('password',) # Note: Password field is write-only
- def restore_object(self, attrs, instance=None):
- """
- Instantiate a new User instance.
- """
- assert instance is None, 'Cannot update users with CreateUserSerializer'
- user = User(email=attrs['email'], username=attrs['username'])
- user.set_password(attrs['password'])
- return user
+ def restore_object(self, attrs, instance=None):
+ """
+ Instantiate a new User instance.
+ """
+ assert instance is None, 'Cannot update users with CreateUserSerializer'
+ user = User(email=attrs['email'], username=attrs['username'])
+ user.set_password(attrs['password'])
+ return user
## Specifying fields explicitly
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ For more specific requirements such as specifying a different lookup for each fi
model = Account
fields = ('url', 'account_name', 'users', 'created')
-## Overiding the URL field behavior
+## Overriding the URL field behavior
The name of the URL field defaults to 'url'. You can override this globally, by using the `URL_FIELD_NAME` setting.
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ You can also override this on a per-serializer basis by using the `url_field_nam
**Note**: The generic view implementations normally generate a `Location` header in response to successful `POST` requests. Serializers using `url_field_name` option will not have this header automatically included by the view. If you need to do so you will ned to also override the view's `get_success_headers()` method.
-You can also overide the URL field's view name and lookup field without overriding the field explicitly, by using the `view_name` and `lookup_field` options, like so:
+You can also override the URL field's view name and lookup field without overriding the field explicitly, by using the `view_name` and `lookup_field` options, like so:
class AccountSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta:
diff --git a/docs/api-guide/settings.md b/docs/api-guide/settings.md
index 5aee52aa..8bde4d87 100644
--- a/docs/api-guide/settings.md
+++ b/docs/api-guide/settings.md
@@ -158,6 +158,18 @@ A client request like the following would return a paginated list of up to 100 i
Default: `None`
+### SEARCH_PARAM
+
+The name of a query paramater, which can be used to specify the search term used by `SearchFilter`.
+
+Default: `search`
+
+#### ORDERING_PARAM
+
+The name of a query paramater, which can be used to specify the ordering of results returned by `OrderingFilter`.
+
+Default: `ordering`
+
---
## Authentication settings
@@ -365,5 +377,11 @@ The name of a parameter in the URL conf that may be used to provide a format suf
Default: `'format'`
+#### NUM_PROXIES
+
+An integer of 0 or more, that may be used to specify the number of application proxies that the API runs behind. This allows throttling to more accurately identify client IP addresses. If set to `None` then less strict IP matching will be used by the throttle classes.
+
+Default: `None`
+
[cite]: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0020/
[strftime]: http://docs.python.org/2/library/time.html#time.strftime
diff --git a/docs/api-guide/testing.md b/docs/api-guide/testing.md
index 4a8a9168..72c33961 100644
--- a/docs/api-guide/testing.md
+++ b/docs/api-guide/testing.md
@@ -218,12 +218,12 @@ You can use any of REST framework's test case classes as you would for the regul
When checking the validity of test responses it's often more convenient to inspect the data that the response was created with, rather than inspecting the fully rendered response.
-For example, it's easier to inspect `request.data`:
+For example, it's easier to inspect `response.data`:
response = self.client.get('/users/4/')
self.assertEqual(response.data, {'id': 4, 'username': 'lauren'})
-Instead of inspecting the result of parsing `request.content`:
+Instead of inspecting the result of parsing `response.content`:
response = self.client.get('/users/4/')
self.assertEqual(json.loads(response.content), {'id': 4, 'username': 'lauren'})
diff --git a/docs/api-guide/throttling.md b/docs/api-guide/throttling.md
index fc1525df..d223f9b3 100644
--- a/docs/api-guide/throttling.md
+++ b/docs/api-guide/throttling.md
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ The default throttling policy may be set globally, using the `DEFAULT_THROTTLE_C
'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': {
'anon': '100/day',
'user': '1000/day'
- }
+ }
}
The rate descriptions used in `DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES` may include `second`, `minute`, `hour` or `day` as the throttle period.
@@ -66,6 +66,16 @@ Or, if you're using the `@api_view` decorator with function based views.
}
return Response(content)
+## How clients are identified
+
+The `X-Forwarded-For` and `Remote-Addr` HTTP headers are used to uniquely identify client IP addresses for throttling. If the `X-Forwarded-For` header is present then it will be used, otherwise the value of the `Remote-Addr` header will be used.
+
+If you need to strictly identify unique client IP addresses, you'll need to first configure the number of application proxies that the API runs behind by setting the `NUM_PROXIES` setting. This setting should be an integer of zero or more. If set to non-zero then the client IP will be identified as being the last IP address in the `X-Forwarded-For` header, once any application proxy IP addresses have first been excluded. If set to zero, then the `Remote-Addr` header will always be used as the identifying IP address.
+
+It is important to understand that if you configure the `NUM_PROXIES` setting, then all clients behind a unique [NAT'd](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_address_translation) gateway will be treated as a single client.
+
+Further context on how the `X-Forwarded-For` header works, and identifing a remote client IP can be [found here][identifing-clients].
+
## Setting up the cache
The throttle classes provided by REST framework use Django's cache backend. You should make sure that you've set appropriate [cache settings][cache-setting]. The default value of `LocMemCache` backend should be okay for simple setups. See Django's [cache documentation][cache-docs] for more details.
@@ -150,7 +160,7 @@ For example, given the following views...
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES': (
- 'rest_framework.throttling.ScopedRateThrottle'
+ 'rest_framework.throttling.ScopedRateThrottle',
),
'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': {
'contacts': '1000/day',
@@ -178,5 +188,6 @@ The following is an example of a rate throttle, that will randomly throttle 1 in
[cite]: https://dev.twitter.com/docs/error-codes-responses
[permissions]: permissions.md
+[identifing-clients]: http://oxpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=AppSuite:Grizzly#Multiple_Proxies_in_front_of_the_cluster
[cache-setting]: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#caches
[cache-docs]: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/cache/#setting-up-the-cache
diff --git a/docs/api-guide/viewsets.md b/docs/api-guide/viewsets.md
index 23b16575..dc5d01a2 100644
--- a/docs/api-guide/viewsets.md
+++ b/docs/api-guide/viewsets.md
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ There are two main advantages of using a `ViewSet` class over using a `View` cla
Both of these come with a trade-off. Using regular views and URL confs is more explicit and gives you more control. ViewSets are helpful if you want to get up and running quickly, or when you have a large API and you want to enforce a consistent URL configuration throughout.
-## Marking extra methods for routing
+## Marking extra actions for routing
The default routers included with REST framework will provide routes for a standard set of create/retrieve/update/destroy style operations, as shown below:
@@ -101,14 +101,16 @@ The default routers included with REST framework will provide routes for a stand
def destroy(self, request, pk=None):
pass
-If you have ad-hoc methods that you need to be routed to, you can mark them as requiring routing using the `@link` or `@action` decorators. The `@link` decorator will route `GET` requests, and the `@action` decorator will route `POST` requests.
+If you have ad-hoc methods that you need to be routed to, you can mark them as requiring routing using the `@detail_route` or `@list_route` decorators.
+
+The `@detail_route` decorator contains `pk` in its URL pattern and is intended for methods which require a single instance. The `@list_route` decorator is intended for methods which operate on a list of objects.
For example:
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
- from rest_framework import viewsets
from rest_framework import status
- from rest_framework.decorators import action
+ from rest_framework import viewsets
+ from rest_framework.decorators import detail_route, list_route
from rest_framework.response import Response
from myapp.serializers import UserSerializer, PasswordSerializer
@@ -119,7 +121,7 @@ For example:
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
- @action()
+ @detail_route(methods=['post'])
def set_password(self, request, pk=None):
user = self.get_object()
serializer = PasswordSerializer(data=request.DATA)
@@ -131,21 +133,27 @@ For example:
return Response(serializer.errors,
status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
-The `@action` and `@link` decorators can additionally take extra arguments that will be set for the routed view only. For example...
+ @list_route()
+ def recent_users(self, request):
+ recent_users = User.objects.all().order('-last_login')
+ page = self.paginate_queryset(recent_users)
+ serializer = self.get_pagination_serializer(page)
+ return Response(serializer.data)
+
+The decorators can additionally take extra arguments that will be set for the routed view only. For example...
- @action(permission_classes=[IsAdminOrIsSelf])
+ @detail_route(methods=['post'], permission_classes=[IsAdminOrIsSelf])
def set_password(self, request, pk=None):
...
-The `@action` decorator will route `POST` requests by default, but may also accept other HTTP methods, by using the `method` argument. For example:
+The `@action` decorator will route `POST` requests by default, but may also accept other HTTP methods, by using the `methods` argument. For example:
- @action(methods=['POST', 'DELETE'])
+ @detail_route(methods=['post', 'delete'])
def unset_password(self, request, pk=None):
...
The two new actions will then be available at the urls `^users/{pk}/set_password/$` and `^users/{pk}/unset_password/$`
-
---
# API Reference