First passing test under p3k \o/

20 files changed, 162 insertions, 114 deletions

diff --git a/rest_framework/authentication.py b/rest_framework/authentication.py
index 30c78ebc..4b18b40c 100644
--- a/rest_framework/authentication.py
+++ b/rest_framework/authentication.py
@@ -3,7 +3,11 @@ Provides a set of pluggable authentication policies.
 """
 
 from django.contrib.auth import authenticate
-from django.utils.encoding import smart_unicode, DjangoUnicodeDecodeError
+from django.utils.encoding import DjangoUnicodeDecodeError
+try:
+    from django.utils.encoding import smart_text
+except ImportError:
+    from django.utils.encoding import smart_unicode as smart_text
 from rest_framework import exceptions
 from rest_framework.compat import CsrfViewMiddleware
 from rest_framework.authtoken.models import Token
@@ -41,8 +45,8 @@ class BasicAuthentication(BaseAuthentication):
                     return None
 
                 try:
-                    userid = smart_unicode(auth_parts[0])
-                    password = smart_unicode(auth_parts[2])
+                    userid = smart_text(auth_parts[0])
+                    password = smart_text(auth_parts[2])
                 except DjangoUnicodeDecodeError:
                     return None
 
diff --git a/rest_framework/compat.py b/rest_framework/compat.py
index 09b76368..dcc8aaa6 100644
--- a/rest_framework/compat.py
+++ b/rest_framework/compat.py
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ The `compat` module provides support for backwards compatibility with older
 versions of django/python, and compatibility wrappers around optional packages.
 """
 # flake8: noqa
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+import six
+
 import django
 
 # django-filter is optional
@@ -16,7 +19,7 @@ except:
 try:
     import cStringIO as StringIO
 except ImportError:
-    import StringIO
+    from six import StringIO
 
 
 def get_concrete_model(model_cls):
@@ -38,7 +41,7 @@ else:
     try:
         from django.contrib.auth.models import User
     except ImportError:
-        raise ImportError(u"User model is not to be found.")
+        raise ImportError("User model is not to be found.")
 
 
 # First implementation of Django class-based views did not include head method
@@ -59,11 +62,11 @@ else:
             # sanitize keyword arguments
             for key in initkwargs:
                 if key in cls.http_method_names:
-                    raise TypeError(u"You tried to pass in the %s method name as a "
-                                    u"keyword argument to %s(). Don't do that."
+                    raise TypeError("You tried to pass in the %s method name as a "
+                                    "keyword argument to %s(). Don't do that."
                                     % (key, cls.__name__))
                 if not hasattr(cls, key):
-                    raise TypeError(u"%s() received an invalid keyword %r" % (
+                    raise TypeError("%s() received an invalid keyword %r" % (
                         cls.__name__, key))
 
             def view(request, *args, **kwargs):
@@ -130,7 +133,8 @@ else:
         randrange = random.SystemRandom().randrange
     else:
         randrange = random.randrange
-    _MAX_CSRF_KEY = 18446744073709551616L     # 2 << 63
+
+    _MAX_CSRF_KEY = 18446744073709551616      # 2 << 63
 
     REASON_NO_REFERER = "Referer checking failed - no Referer."
     REASON_BAD_REFERER = "Referer checking failed - %s does not match %s."
diff --git a/rest_framework/fields.py b/rest_framework/fields.py
index 25d98645..42c9a203 100644
--- a/rest_framework/fields.py
+++ b/rest_framework/fields.py
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+import six
+
 import copy
 import datetime
 import inspect
@@ -12,12 +16,19 @@ from django.core.urlresolvers import resolve, get_script_prefix
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.forms import widgets
 from django.forms.models import ModelChoiceIterator
-from django.utils.encoding import is_protected_type, smart_unicode
+from django.utils.encoding import is_protected_type
+try:
+    from django.utils.encoding import smart_text
+except ImportError:
+    from django.utils.encoding import smart_unicode as smart_text
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 from rest_framework.reverse import reverse
 from rest_framework.compat import parse_date, parse_datetime
 from rest_framework.compat import timezone
-from urlparse import urlparse
+try:
+    from urllib.parse import urlparse
+except ImportError:
+    from urlparse import urlparse
 
 
 def is_simple_callable(obj):
@@ -92,11 +103,11 @@ class Field(object):
 
         if is_protected_type(value):
             return value
-        elif hasattr(value, '__iter__') and not isinstance(value, (dict, basestring)):
+        elif hasattr(value, '__iter__') and not isinstance(value, (dict, six.string_types)):
             return [self.to_native(item) for item in value]
         elif isinstance(value, dict):
             return dict(map(self.to_native, (k, v)) for k, v in value.items())
-        return smart_unicode(value)
+        return smart_text(value)
 
     def attributes(self):
         """
@@ -297,8 +308,8 @@ class RelatedField(WritableField):
         """
         Return a readable representation for use with eg. select widgets.
         """
-        desc = smart_unicode(obj)
-        ident = smart_unicode(self.to_native(obj))
+        desc = smart_text(obj)
+        ident = smart_text(self.to_native(obj))
         if desc == ident:
             return desc
         return "%s - %s" % (desc, ident)
@@ -401,8 +412,8 @@ class PrimaryKeyRelatedField(RelatedField):
         """
         Return a readable representation for use with eg. select widgets.
         """
-        desc = smart_unicode(obj)
-        ident = smart_unicode(self.to_native(obj.pk))
+        desc = smart_text(obj)
+        ident = smart_text(self.to_native(obj.pk))
         if desc == ident:
             return desc
         return "%s - %s" % (desc, ident)
@@ -418,7 +429,7 @@ class PrimaryKeyRelatedField(RelatedField):
         try:
             return self.queryset.get(pk=data)
         except ObjectDoesNotExist:
-            msg = "Invalid pk '%s' - object does not exist." % smart_unicode(data)
+            msg = "Invalid pk '%s' - object does not exist." % smart_text(data)
             raise ValidationError(msg)
 
     def field_to_native(self, obj, field_name):
@@ -446,8 +457,8 @@ class ManyPrimaryKeyRelatedField(ManyRelatedField):
         """
         Return a readable representation for use with eg. select widgets.
         """
-        desc = smart_unicode(obj)
-        ident = smart_unicode(self.to_native(obj.pk))
+        desc = smart_text(obj)
+        ident = smart_text(self.to_native(obj.pk))
         if desc == ident:
             return desc
         return "%s - %s" % (desc, ident)
@@ -473,7 +484,7 @@ class ManyPrimaryKeyRelatedField(ManyRelatedField):
         try:
             return self.queryset.get(pk=data)
         except ObjectDoesNotExist:
-            msg = "Invalid pk '%s' - object does not exist." % smart_unicode(data)
+            msg = "Invalid pk '%s' - object does not exist." % smart_text(data)
             raise ValidationError(msg)
 
 ### Slug relationships
@@ -674,7 +685,7 @@ class BooleanField(WritableField):
     type_name = 'BooleanField'
     widget = widgets.CheckboxInput
     default_error_messages = {
-        'invalid': _(u"'%s' value must be either True or False."),
+        'invalid': _("'%s' value must be either True or False."),
     }
     empty = False
 
@@ -713,9 +724,9 @@ class CharField(WritableField):
             super(CharField, self).validate(value)
 
     def from_native(self, value):
-        if isinstance(value, basestring) or value is None:
+        if isinstance(value, six.string_types) or value is None:
             return value
-        return smart_unicode(value)
+        return smart_text(value)
 
 
 class URLField(CharField):
@@ -773,10 +784,10 @@ class ChoiceField(WritableField):
             if isinstance(v, (list, tuple)):
                 # This is an optgroup, so look inside the group for options
                 for k2, v2 in v:
-                    if value == smart_unicode(k2):
+                    if value == smart_text(k2):
                         return True
             else:
-                if value == smart_unicode(k):
+                if value == smart_text(k):
                     return True
         return False
 
@@ -814,7 +825,7 @@ class RegexField(CharField):
         return self._regex
 
     def _set_regex(self, regex):
-        if isinstance(regex, basestring):
+        if isinstance(regex, six.string_types):
             regex = re.compile(regex)
         self._regex = regex
         if hasattr(self, '_regex_validator') and self._regex_validator in self.validators:
@@ -835,10 +846,10 @@ class DateField(WritableField):
     type_name = 'DateField'
 
     default_error_messages = {
-        'invalid': _(u"'%s' value has an invalid date format. It must be "
-                     u"in YYYY-MM-DD format."),
-        'invalid_date': _(u"'%s' value has the correct format (YYYY-MM-DD) "
-                          u"but it is an invalid date."),
+        'invalid': _("'%s' value has an invalid date format. It must be "
+                     "in YYYY-MM-DD format."),
+        'invalid_date': _("'%s' value has the correct format (YYYY-MM-DD) "
+                          "but it is an invalid date."),
     }
     empty = None
 
@@ -872,13 +883,13 @@ class DateTimeField(WritableField):
     type_name = 'DateTimeField'
 
     default_error_messages = {
-        'invalid': _(u"'%s' value has an invalid format. It must be in "
-                     u"YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM[:ss[.uuuuuu]][TZ] format."),
-        'invalid_date': _(u"'%s' value has the correct format "
-                          u"(YYYY-MM-DD) but it is an invalid date."),
-        'invalid_datetime': _(u"'%s' value has the correct format "
-                              u"(YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM[:ss[.uuuuuu]][TZ]) "
-                              u"but it is an invalid date/time."),
+        'invalid': _("'%s' value has an invalid format. It must be in "
+                     "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM[:ss[.uuuuuu]][TZ] format."),
+        'invalid_date': _("'%s' value has the correct format "
+                          "(YYYY-MM-DD) but it is an invalid date."),
+        'invalid_datetime': _("'%s' value has the correct format "
+                              "(YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM[:ss[.uuuuuu]][TZ]) "
+                              "but it is an invalid date/time."),
     }
     empty = None
 
@@ -895,8 +906,8 @@ class DateTimeField(WritableField):
                 # local time. This won't work during DST change, but we can't
                 # do much about it, so we let the exceptions percolate up the
                 # call stack.
-                warnings.warn(u"DateTimeField received a naive datetime (%s)"
-                              u" while time zone support is active." % value,
+                warnings.warn("DateTimeField received a naive datetime (%s)"
+                              " while time zone support is active." % value,
                               RuntimeWarning)
                 default_timezone = timezone.get_default_timezone()
                 value = timezone.make_aware(value, default_timezone)
diff --git a/rest_framework/mixins.py b/rest_framework/mixins.py
index 1edcfa5c..87d97bed 100644
--- a/rest_framework/mixins.py
+++ b/rest_framework/mixins.py
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ Basic building blocks for generic class based views.
 We don't bind behaviour to http method handlers yet,
 which allows mixin classes to be composed in interesting ways.
 """
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
 from django.http import Http404
 from rest_framework import status
 from rest_framework.response import Response
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@ class ListModelMixin(object):
     List a queryset.
     Should be mixed in with `MultipleObjectAPIView`.
     """
-    empty_error = u"Empty list and '%(class_name)s.allow_empty' is False."
+    empty_error = "Empty list and '%(class_name)s.allow_empty' is False."
 
     def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
         queryset = self.get_queryset()
diff --git a/rest_framework/parsers.py b/rest_framework/parsers.py
index 4841676c..361dfb77 100644
--- a/rest_framework/parsers.py
+++ b/rest_framework/parsers.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class JSONParser(BaseParser):
         """
         try:
             return json.load(stream)
-        except ValueError, exc:
+        except ValueError as exc:
             raise ParseError('JSON parse error - %s' % unicode(exc))
 
 
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class YAMLParser(BaseParser):
         """
         try:
             return yaml.safe_load(stream)
-        except (ValueError, yaml.parser.ParserError), exc:
+        except (ValueError, yaml.parser.ParserError) as exc:
             raise ParseError('YAML parse error - %s' % unicode(exc))
 
 
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ class MultiPartParser(BaseParser):
             parser = DjangoMultiPartParser(meta, stream, upload_handlers)
             data, files = parser.parse()
             return DataAndFiles(data, files)
-        except MultiPartParserError, exc:
+        except MultiPartParserError as exc:
             raise ParseError('Multipart form parse error - %s' % unicode(exc))
 
 
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ class XMLParser(BaseParser):
     def parse(self, stream, media_type=None, parser_context=None):
         try:
             tree = ET.parse(stream)
-        except (ExpatError, ETParseError, ValueError), exc:
+        except (ExpatError, ETParseError, ValueError) as exc:
             raise ParseError('XML parse error - %s' % unicode(exc))
         data = self._xml_convert(tree.getroot())
 
diff --git a/rest_framework/renderers.py b/rest_framework/renderers.py
index 27340745..bd0dd663 100644
--- a/rest_framework/renderers.py
+++ b/rest_framework/renderers.py
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ on the response, such as JSON encoded data or HTML output.
 
 REST framework also provides an HTML renderer the renders the browsable API.
 """
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
 import copy
 import string
 from django import forms
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@ class JSONRenderer(BaseRenderer):
         if accepted_media_type:
             # If the media type looks like 'application/json; indent=4',
             # then pretty print the result.
-            base_media_type, params = parse_header(accepted_media_type)
+            base_media_type, params = parse_header(accepted_media_type.encode('ascii'))
             indent = params.get('indent', indent)
             try:
                 indent = max(min(int(indent), 8), 0)
@@ -100,7 +102,7 @@ class JSONPRenderer(JSONRenderer):
         callback = self.get_callback(renderer_context)
         json = super(JSONPRenderer, self).render(data, accepted_media_type,
                                                  renderer_context)
-        return u"%s(%s);" % (callback, json)
+        return "%s(%s);" % (callback, json)
 
 
 class XMLRenderer(BaseRenderer):
diff --git a/rest_framework/request.py b/rest_framework/request.py
index a1827ba4..dbe57942 100644
--- a/rest_framework/request.py
+++ b/rest_framework/request.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ The wrapped request then offers a richer API, in particular :
     - full support of PUT method, including support for file uploads
     - form overloading of HTTP method, content type and content
 """
-from StringIO import StringIO
+from rest_framework.compat import StringIO
 
 from django.http.multipartparser import parse_header
 from rest_framework import exceptions
diff --git a/rest_framework/settings.py b/rest_framework/settings.py
index ee24a4ad..9e73bbfb 100644
--- a/rest_framework/settings.py
+++ b/rest_framework/settings.py
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ back to the defaults.
 """
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.utils import importlib
+from six import string_types
+
 
 
 USER_SETTINGS = getattr(settings, 'REST_FRAMEWORK', None)
@@ -98,7 +100,7 @@ def perform_import(val, setting_name):
     If the given setting is a string import notation,
     then perform the necessary import or imports.
     """
-    if isinstance(val, basestring):
+    if isinstance(val, string_types):
         return import_from_string(val, setting_name)
     elif isinstance(val, (list, tuple)):
         return [import_from_string(item, setting_name) for item in val]
diff --git a/rest_framework/templatetags/rest_framework.py b/rest_framework/templatetags/rest_framework.py
index 4e0181ee..7b9e2c37 100644
--- a/rest_framework/templatetags/rest_framework.py
+++ b/rest_framework/templatetags/rest_framework.py
@@ -1,10 +1,18 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
 from django import template
 from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
 from django.http import QueryDict
-from django.utils.encoding import force_unicode
+try:
+    from django.utils.encoding import force_text
+except ImportError:
+    from django.utils.encoding import force_unicode as force_text
 from django.utils.html import escape
 from django.utils.safestring import SafeData, mark_safe
-from urlparse import urlsplit, urlunsplit
+try:
+    from urllib.parse import urlsplit, urlunsplit
+except ImportError:
+    from urlparse import urlsplit, urlunsplit
 import re
 import string
 
@@ -130,7 +138,7 @@ def urlize_quoted_links(text, trim_url_limit=None, nofollow=True, autoescape=Tru
     """
     trim_url = lambda x, limit=trim_url_limit: limit is not None and (len(x) > limit and ('%s...' % x[:max(0, limit - 3)])) or x
     safe_input = isinstance(text, SafeData)
-    words = word_split_re.split(force_unicode(text))
+    words = word_split_re.split(force_text(text))
     nofollow_attr = nofollow and ' rel="nofollow"' or ''
     for i, word in enumerate(words):
         match = None
@@ -166,4 +174,4 @@ def urlize_quoted_links(text, trim_url_limit=None, nofollow=True, autoescape=Tru
             words[i] = mark_safe(word)
         elif autoescape:
             words[i] = escape(word)
-    return mark_safe(u''.join(words))
+    return mark_safe(''.join(words))
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/authentication.py b/rest_framework/tests/authentication.py
index 96ca9f52..c6b4aedc 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/authentication.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/authentication.py
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class BasicAuthTests(TestCase):
 
     def test_post_form_passing_basic_auth(self):
         """Ensure POSTing json over basic auth with correct credentials passes and does not require CSRF"""
-        auth = 'Basic %s' % base64.encodestring('%s:%s' % (self.username, self.password)).strip()
+        auth = b'Basic ' + base64.encodestring(('%s:%s' % (self.username, self.password)).encode('utf8')).strip()
         response = self.csrf_client.post('/', {'example': 'example'}, HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=auth)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
 
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/files.py b/rest_framework/tests/files.py
index 5dd57b7c..027aecf7 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/files.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/files.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-import StringIO
+from rest_framework.compat import StringIO
+
 import datetime
 
 from django.test import TestCase
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/genericrelations.py b/rest_framework/tests/genericrelations.py
index bc7378e1..ba29dbed 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/genericrelations.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/genericrelations.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
 from django.test import TestCase
 from rest_framework import serializers
 from rest_framework.tests.models import *
@@ -27,7 +29,7 @@ class TestGenericRelations(TestCase):
 
         serializer = BookmarkSerializer(self.bookmark)
         expected = {
-            'tags': [u'django', u'python'],
-            'url': u'https://www.djangoproject.com/'
+            'tags': ['django', 'python'],
+            'url': 'https://www.djangoproject.com/'
         }
         self.assertEquals(serializer.data, expected)
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/generics.py b/rest_framework/tests/generics.py
index a8279ef2..e4a4db80 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/generics.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/generics.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.test.client import RequestFactory
 from django.utils import simplejson as json
@@ -71,7 +73,7 @@ class TestRootView(TestCase):
                                content_type='application/json')
         response = self.view(request).render()
         self.assertEquals(response.status_code, status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
-        self.assertEquals(response.data, {'id': 4, 'text': u'foobar'})
+        self.assertEquals(response.data, {'id': 4, 'text': 'foobar'})
         created = self.objects.get(id=4)
         self.assertEquals(created.text, 'foobar')
 
@@ -126,7 +128,7 @@ class TestRootView(TestCase):
                                content_type='application/json')
         response = self.view(request).render()
         self.assertEquals(response.status_code, status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
-        self.assertEquals(response.data, {'id': 4, 'text': u'foobar'})
+        self.assertEquals(response.data, {'id': 4, 'text': 'foobar'})
         created = self.objects.get(id=4)
         self.assertEquals(created.text, 'foobar')
 
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/parsers.py b/rest_framework/tests/parsers.py
index 8ab8a52f..ffa39b1f 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/parsers.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/parsers.py
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@
 #        self.assertEqual(data['key1'], 'val1')
 #        self.assertEqual(files['file1'].read(), 'blablabla')
 
-from StringIO import StringIO
+from rest_framework.compat import StringIO
 from django import forms
 from django.test import TestCase
 from rest_framework.parsers import FormParser
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/pk_relations.py b/rest_framework/tests/pk_relations.py
index 3dcc76f9..cbafa3e0 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/pk_relations.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/pk_relations.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
 from django.db import models
 from django.test import TestCase
 from rest_framework import serializers
@@ -65,9 +67,9 @@ class PrimaryKeyManyToManyTests(TestCase):
         queryset = ManyToManySource.objects.all()
         serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(queryset)
         expected = [
-                {'id': 1, 'name': u'source-1', 'targets': [1]},
-                {'id': 2, 'name': u'source-2', 'targets': [1, 2]},
-                {'id': 3, 'name': u'source-3', 'targets': [1, 2, 3]}
+                {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': [1]},
+                {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': [1, 2]},
+                {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': [1, 2, 3]}
         ]
         self.assertEquals(serializer.data, expected)
 
@@ -75,14 +77,14 @@ class PrimaryKeyManyToManyTests(TestCase):
         queryset = ManyToManyTarget.objects.all()
         serializer = ManyToManyTargetSerializer(queryset)
         expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': u'target-1', 'sources': [1, 2, 3]},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': u'target-2', 'sources': [2, 3]},
-            {'id': 3, 'name': u'target-3', 'sources': [3]}
+            {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': [1, 2, 3]},
+            {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': [2, 3]},
+            {'id': 3, 'name': 'target-3', 'sources': [3]}
         ]
         self.assertEquals(serializer.data, expected)
 
     def test_many_to_many_update(self):
-        data = {'id': 1, 'name': u'source-1', 'targets': [1, 2, 3]}
+        data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': [1, 2, 3]}
         instance = ManyToManySource.objects.get(pk=1)
         serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(instance, data=data)
         self.assertTrue(serializer.is_valid())
@@ -93,14 +95,14 @@ class PrimaryKeyManyToManyTests(TestCase):
         queryset = ManyToManySource.objects.all()
         serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(queryset)
         expected = [
-                {'id': 1, 'name': u'source-1', 'targets': [1, 2, 3]},
-                {'id': 2, 'name': u'source-2', 'targets': [1, 2]},
-                {'id': 3, 'name': u'source-3', 'targets': [1, 2, 3]}
+                {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': [1, 2, 3]},
+                {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': [1, 2]},
+                {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': [1, 2, 3]}
         ]
         self.assertEquals(serializer.data, expected)
 
     def test_reverse_many_to_many_update(self):
-        data = {'id': 1, 'name': u'target-1', 'sources': [1]}
+        data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': [1]}
         instance = ManyToManyTarget.objects.get(pk=1)
         serializer = ManyToManyTargetSerializer(instance, data=data)
         self.assertTrue(serializer.is_valid())
@@ -111,28 +113,28 @@ class PrimaryKeyManyToManyTests(TestCase):
         queryset = ManyToManyTarget.objects.all()
         serializer = ManyToManyTargetSerializer(queryset)
         expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': u'target-1', 'sources': [1]},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': u'target-2', 'sources': [2, 3]},
-            {'id': 3, 'name': u'target-3', 'sources': [3]}
+            {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': [1]},
+            {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': [2, 3]},
+            {'id': 3, 'name': 'target-3', 'sources': [3]}
         ]
         self.assertEquals(serializer.data, expected)
 
     def test_reverse_many_to_many_create(self):
-        data = {'id': 4, 'name': u'target-4', 'sources': [1, 3]}
+        data = {'id': 4, 'name': 'target-4', 'sources': [1, 3]}
         serializer = ManyToManyTargetSerializer(data=data)
         self.assertTrue(serializer.is_valid())
         obj = serializer.save()
         self.assertEquals(serializer.data, data)
-        self.assertEqual(obj.name, u'target-4')
+        self.assertEqual(obj.name, 'target-4')
 
         # Ensure target 4 is added, and everything else is as expected
         queryset = ManyToManyTarget.objects.all()
         serializer = ManyToManyTargetSerializer(queryset)
         expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': u'target-1', 'sources': [1, 2, 3]},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': u'target-2', 'sources': [2, 3]},
-            {'id': 3, 'name': u'target-3', 'sources': [3]},
-            {'id': 4, 'name': u'target-4', 'sources': [1, 3]}
+            {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': [1, 2, 3]},
+            {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': [2, 3]},
+            {'id': 3, 'name': 'target-3', 'sources': [3]},
+            {'id': 4, 'name': 'target-4', 'sources': [1, 3]}
         ]
         self.assertEquals(serializer.data, expected)
 
@@ -151,9 +153,9 @@ class PrimaryKeyForeignKeyTests(TestCase):
         queryset = ForeignKeySource.objects.all()
         serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset)
         expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': u'source-1', 'target': 1},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': u'source-2', 'target': 1},
-            {'id': 3, 'name': u'source-3', 'target': 1}
+            {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 1},
+            {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 1},
+            {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': 1}
         ]
         self.assertEquals(serializer.data, expected)
 
@@ -161,13 +163,13 @@ class PrimaryKeyForeignKeyTests(TestCase):
         queryset = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.all()
         serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(queryset)
         expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': u'target-1', 'sources': [1, 2, 3]},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': u'target-2', 'sources': []},
+            {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': [1, 2, 3]},
+            {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': []},
         ]
         self.assertEquals(serializer.data, expected)
 
     def test_foreign_key_update(self):
-        data = {'id': 1, 'name': u'source-1', 'target': 2}
+        data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 2}
         instance = ForeignKeySource.objects.get(pk=1)
         serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(instance, data=data)
         self.assertTrue(serializer.is_valid())
@@ -178,9 +180,9 @@ class PrimaryKeyForeignKeyTests(TestCase):
         queryset = ForeignKeySource.objects.all()
         serializer = ForeignKeySourceSerializer(queryset)
         expected = [
-            {'id': 1, 'name': u'source-1', 'target': 2},
-            {'id': 2, 'name': u'source-2', 'target': 1},
-            {'id': 3, 'name': u'source-3', 'target': 1}
+            {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'target': 2},
+            {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'target': 1},
+            {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'target': 1}
         ]
         self.assertEquals(serializer.data, expected)
 
@@ -189,7 +191,7 @@ class PrimaryKeyForeignKeyTests(TestCase):
     # and cannot be arbitrarily set.
 
     # def test_reverse_foreign_key_update(self):
-    #     data = {'id': 1, 'name': u'target-1', 'sources': [1]}
+    #     data = {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': [1]}
     #     instance = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.get(pk=1)
     #     serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(instance, data=data)
     #     self.assertTrue(serializer.is_valid())
@@ -200,7 +202,7 @@ class PrimaryKeyForeignKeyTests(TestCase):
     #     queryset = ForeignKeyTarget.objects.all()
     #     serializer = ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(queryset)
     #     expected = [
-    #         {'id': 1, 'name': u'target-1', 'sources': [1]},
-    #         {'id': 2, 'name': u'target-2', 'sources': []},
+    #         {'id': 1, 'name': 'target-1', 'sources': [1]},
+    #         {'id': 2, 'name': 'target-2', 'sources': []},
     #     ]
     #     self.assertEquals(serializer.data, expected)
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/renderers.py b/rest_framework/tests/renderers.py
index 9be4b114..a2140361 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/renderers.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/renderers.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from rest_framework.renderers import BaseRenderer, JSONRenderer, YAMLRenderer, \
 from rest_framework.parsers import YAMLParser, XMLParser
 from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
 
-from StringIO import StringIO
+from rest_framework.compat import StringIO
 import datetime
 from decimal import Decimal
 
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/serializer.py b/rest_framework/tests/serializer.py
index 520029ec..804f578d 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/serializer.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/serializer.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
 import datetime
 from django.test import TestCase
 from rest_framework import serializers
@@ -48,7 +50,7 @@ class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
 
 
 class ActionItemSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
-    
+
     class Meta:
         model = ActionItem
 
@@ -163,12 +165,12 @@ class ValidationTests(TestCase):
     def test_create(self):
         serializer = CommentSerializer(data=self.data)
         self.assertEquals(serializer.is_valid(), False)
-        self.assertEquals(serializer.errors, {'content': [u'Ensure this value has at most 1000 characters (it has 1001).']})
+        self.assertEquals(serializer.errors, {'content': ['Ensure this value has at most 1000 characters (it has 1001).']})
 
     def test_update(self):
         serializer = CommentSerializer(self.comment, data=self.data)
         self.assertEquals(serializer.is_valid(), False)
-        self.assertEquals(serializer.errors, {'content': [u'Ensure this value has at most 1000 characters (it has 1001).']})
+        self.assertEquals(serializer.errors, {'content': ['Ensure this value has at most 1000 characters (it has 1001).']})
 
     def test_update_missing_field(self):
         data = {
@@ -177,7 +179,7 @@ class ValidationTests(TestCase):
         }
         serializer = CommentSerializer(self.comment, data=data)
         self.assertEquals(serializer.is_valid(), False)
-        self.assertEquals(serializer.errors, {'email': [u'This field is required.']})
+        self.assertEquals(serializer.errors, {'email': ['This field is required.']})
 
     def test_missing_bool_with_default(self):
         """Make sure that a boolean value with a 'False' value is not
@@ -213,7 +215,7 @@ class ValidationTests(TestCase):
 
         serializer = CommentSerializerWithFieldValidator(data=data)
         self.assertFalse(serializer.is_valid())
-        self.assertEquals(serializer.errors, {'content': [u'Test not in value']})
+        self.assertEquals(serializer.errors, {'content': ['Test not in value']})
 
     def test_cross_field_validation(self):
 
@@ -237,7 +239,7 @@ class ValidationTests(TestCase):
 
         serializer = CommentSerializerWithCrossFieldValidator(data=data)
         self.assertFalse(serializer.is_valid())
-        self.assertEquals(serializer.errors, {'non_field_errors': [u'Email address not in content']})
+        self.assertEquals(serializer.errors, {'non_field_errors': ['Email address not in content']})
 
     def test_null_is_true_fields(self):
         """
@@ -253,7 +255,7 @@ class ValidationTests(TestCase):
         }
         serializer = ActionItemSerializer(data=data)
         self.assertEquals(serializer.is_valid(), False)
-        self.assertEquals(serializer.errors, {'title': [u'Ensure this value has at most 200 characters (it has 201).']})
+        self.assertEquals(serializer.errors, {'title': ['Ensure this value has at most 200 characters (it has 201).']})
 
     def test_default_modelfield_max_length_exceeded(self):
         data = {
@@ -262,22 +264,22 @@ class ValidationTests(TestCase):
         }
         serializer = ActionItemSerializer(data=data)
         self.assertEquals(serializer.is_valid(), False)
-        self.assertEquals(serializer.errors, {'info': [u'Ensure this value has at most 12 characters (it has 13).']})
+        self.assertEquals(serializer.errors, {'info': ['Ensure this value has at most 12 characters (it has 13).']})
 
 
 class RegexValidationTest(TestCase):
     def test_create_failed(self):
         serializer = BookSerializer(data={'isbn': '1234567890'})
         self.assertFalse(serializer.is_valid())
-        self.assertEquals(serializer.errors, {'isbn': [u'isbn has to be exact 13 numbers']})
+        self.assertEquals(serializer.errors, {'isbn': ['isbn has to be exact 13 numbers']})
 
         serializer = BookSerializer(data={'isbn': '12345678901234'})
         self.assertFalse(serializer.is_valid())
-        self.assertEquals(serializer.errors, {'isbn': [u'isbn has to be exact 13 numbers']})
+        self.assertEquals(serializer.errors, {'isbn': ['isbn has to be exact 13 numbers']})
 
         serializer = BookSerializer(data={'isbn': 'abcdefghijklm'})
         self.assertFalse(serializer.is_valid())
-        self.assertEquals(serializer.errors, {'isbn': [u'isbn has to be exact 13 numbers']})
+        self.assertEquals(serializer.errors, {'isbn': ['isbn has to be exact 13 numbers']})
 
     def test_create_success(self):
         serializer = BookSerializer(data={'isbn': '1234567890123'})
@@ -574,8 +576,8 @@ class SerializerMethodFieldTests(TestCase):
         serializer = self.serializer_class(source_data)
 
         expected = {
-            'beep': u'hello!',
-            'boop': [u'a', u'b', u'c'],
+            'beep': 'hello!',
+            'boop': ['a', 'b', 'c'],
             'boop_count': 3,
         }
 
diff --git a/rest_framework/tests/views.py b/rest_framework/tests/views.py
index 43365e07..e51ca9f3 100644
--- a/rest_framework/tests/views.py
+++ b/rest_framework/tests/views.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
 import copy
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.test.client import RequestFactory
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ class ClassBasedViewIntegrationTests(TestCase):
         request = factory.post('/', 'f00bar', content_type='application/json')
         response = self.view(request)
         expected = {
-            'detail': u'JSON parse error - No JSON object could be decoded'
+            'detail': 'JSON parse error - No JSON object could be decoded'
         }
         self.assertEquals(response.status_code, status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
         self.assertEquals(sanitise_json_error(response.data), expected)
@@ -62,7 +64,7 @@ class ClassBasedViewIntegrationTests(TestCase):
         request = factory.post('/', form_data)
         response = self.view(request)
         expected = {
-            'detail': u'JSON parse error - No JSON object could be decoded'
+            'detail': 'JSON parse error - No JSON object could be decoded'
         }
         self.assertEquals(response.status_code, status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
         self.assertEquals(sanitise_json_error(response.data), expected)
@@ -76,7 +78,7 @@ class FunctionBasedViewIntegrationTests(TestCase):
         request = factory.post('/', 'f00bar', content_type='application/json')
         response = self.view(request)
         expected = {
-            'detail': u'JSON parse error - No JSON object could be decoded'
+            'detail': 'JSON parse error - No JSON object could be decoded'
         }
         self.assertEquals(response.status_code, status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
         self.assertEquals(sanitise_json_error(response.data), expected)
@@ -91,7 +93,7 @@ class FunctionBasedViewIntegrationTests(TestCase):
         request = factory.post('/', form_data)
         response = self.view(request)
         expected = {
-            'detail': u'JSON parse error - No JSON object could be decoded'
+            'detail': 'JSON parse error - No JSON object could be decoded'
         }
         self.assertEquals(response.status_code, status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
         self.assertEquals(sanitise_json_error(response.data), expected)
diff --git a/rest_framework/utils/__init__.py b/rest_framework/utils/__init__.py
index 84fcb5db..a2406852 100644
--- a/rest_framework/utils/__init__.py
+++ b/rest_framework/utils/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-from django.utils.encoding import smart_unicode
+
+try:
+    from django.utils.encoding import smart_text
+except ImportError:
+    from django.utils.encoding import smart_unicode as smart_text
 from django.utils.xmlutils import SimplerXMLGenerator
 from rest_framework.compat import StringIO
 import re
@@ -80,10 +84,10 @@ class XMLRenderer():
             pass
 
         else:
-            xml.characters(smart_unicode(data))
+            xml.characters(smart_text(data))
 
     def dict2xml(self, data):
-        stream = StringIO.StringIO()
+        stream = StringIO()
 
         xml = SimplerXMLGenerator(stream, "utf-8")
         xml.startDocument()
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index 26d07283..f4f2e5c8 100755
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ setup(
     packages=get_packages('rest_framework'),
     package_data=get_package_data('rest_framework'),
     test_suite='rest_framework.runtests.runtests.main',
-    install_requires=[],
+    install_requires=['six'],
     classifiers=[
         'Development Status :: 4 - Beta',
         'Environment :: Web Environment',