@ngdoc overview @name Developer Guide: i18n and l10n @description # I18n and L10n in AngularJS **What is i18n and l10n?** Internationalization, abbreviated i18n, is the process of developing products in such a way that they can be localized for languages and cultures easily. Localization, abbreviated l10n, is the process of adapting applications and text to enable their usability in a particular cultural or linguistic market. For application developers, internationalizing an application means abstracting all of the strings and other locale-specific bits (such as date or currency formats) out of the application. Localizing an application means providing translations and localized formats for the abstracted bits. **What level of support for i18n/l10n is currently in Angular?** Currently, Angular supports i18n/l10n for {@link http://docs.angularjs.org/#!/api/ng.filter:date datetime}, {@link http://docs.angularjs.org/#!/api/ng.filter:number number} and {@link http://docs.angularjs.org/#!/api/ng.filter:currency currency} filters. Additionally, Angular supports localizable pluralization support provided by the {@link api/ng.directive:ngPluralize ngPluralize directive}. All localizable Angular components depend on locale-specific rule sets managed by the {@link api/ng.$locale $locale service}. For readers who want to jump straight into examples, we have a few web pages that showcase how to use Angular filters with various locale rule sets. You can find these examples either on {@link https://github.com/angular/angular.js/tree/master/i18n/e2e Github} or in the i18n/e2e folder of Angular development package. **What is a locale id?** A locale is a specific geographical, political, or cultural region. The most commonly used locale ID consists of two parts: language code and country code. For example, en-US, en-AU, zh-CN are all valid locale IDs that have both language codes and country codes. Because specifying a country code in locale ID is optional, locale IDs such as en, zh, and sk are also valid. See the {@link http://userguide.icu-project.org/locale ICU } website for more information about using locale IDs. **Supported locales in Angular** Angular separates number and datetime format rule sets into different files, each file for a particular locale. You can find a list of currently supported locales {@link https://github.com/angular/angular.js/tree/master/i18n/locale here} # Providing locale rules to Angular There are two approaches to providing locale rules to Angular: **1. Pre-bundled rule sets** You can pre-bundle the desired locale file with Angular by concatenating the content of the locale-specific file to the end of `angular.js` or `angular.min.js` file. For example on *nix, to create a an angular.js file that contains localization rules for german locale, you can do the following: `cat angular.js i18n/angular-locale_de-ge.js > angular_de-ge.js` When the application containing `angular_de-ge.js` script instead of the generic angular.js script starts, Angular is automatically pre-configured with localization rules for the german locale. **2. Including locale js script in index.html page** You can also include the locale specific js file in the index.html page. For example, if one client requires German locale, you would serve index_de-ge.html which will look something like this:


 
….
   
   
….

**Comparison of the two approaches** Both approaches described above requires you to prepare different index.html pages or js files for each locale that your app may be localized into. You also need to configure your server to serve the correct file that correspond to the desired locale. However, the second approach (Including locale js script in index.html page) is likely to be slower because an extra script needs to be loaded. # "Gotchas" **Currency symbol "gotcha"** Angular's {@link http://docs.angularjs.org/#!/api/ng.filter:currency currency filter} allows you to use the default currency symbol from the {@link api/ng.$locale locale service}, or you can provide the filter with a custom currency symbol. If your app will be used only in one locale, it is fine to rely on the default currency symbol. However, if you anticipate that viewers in other locales might use your app, you should provide your own currency symbol to make sure the actual value is understood. For example, if you want to display account balance of 1000 dollars with the following binding containing currency filter: `{{ 1000 | currency }}`, and your app is currently in en-US locale. '$1000.00' will be shown. However, if someone in a different local (say, Japan) views your app, her browser will specify the locale as ja, and the balance of '¥1000.00' will be shown instead. This will really upset your client. In this case, you need to override the default currency symbol by providing the {@link http://docs.angularjs.org/#!/api/ng.filter:currency currency filter} with a currency symbol as a parameter when you configure the filter, for example, {{ 1000 | currency:"USD$"}}. This way, Angular will always show a balance of 'USD$1000' and disregard any locale changes. **Translation length "gotcha"** Keep in mind that translated strings/datetime formats can vary greatly in length. For example, `June 3, 1977` will be translated to Spanish as `3 de junio de 1977`. There are bound to be other more extreme cases. Hence, when internationalizing your apps, you need to apply CSS rules accordingly and do thorough testing to make sure UI components do not overlap. **Timezones** Keep in mind that Angular datetime filter uses the time zone settings of the browser. So the same application will show different time information depending on the time zone settings of the computer that the application is running on. Neither Javascript nor Angular currently supports displaying the date with a timezone specified by the developer. a> 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002

'use strict';

describe('ngMock', function() {
  var noop = angular.noop;


  describe('TzDate', function() {

    function minutes(min) {
      return min*60*1000;
    }

    it('should look like a Date', function() {
      var date = new angular.mock.TzDate(0,0);
      expect(angular.isDate(date)).toBe(true);
    });

    it('should take millis as constructor argument', function() {
      expect(new angular.mock.TzDate(0, 0).getTime()).toBe(0);
      expect(new angular.mock.TzDate(0, 1283555108000).getTime()).toBe(1283555108000);
    });

    it('should take dateString as constructor argument', function() {
      expect(new angular.mock.TzDate(0, '1970-01-01T00:00:00.000Z').getTime()).toBe(0);
      expect(new angular.mock.TzDate(0, '2010-09-03T23:05:08.023Z').getTime()).toBe(1283555108023);
    });


    it('should fake getLocalDateString method', function() {
      //0 in -3h
      var t0 = new angular.mock.TzDate(-3, 0);
      expect(t0.toLocaleDateString()).toMatch('1970');

      //0 in +0h
      var t1 = new angular.mock.TzDate(0, 0);
      expect(t1.toLocaleDateString()).toMatch('1970');

      //0 in +3h
      var t2 = new angular.mock.TzDate(3, 0);
      expect(t2.toLocaleDateString()).toMatch('1969');
    });


    it('should fake toISOString method', function() {
      var date = new angular.mock.TzDate(-1, '2009-10-09T01:02:03.027Z');

      if (new Date().toISOString) {
        expect(date.toISOString()).toEqual('2009-10-09T01:02:03.027Z');
      } else {
        expect(date.toISOString).toBeUndefined();
      }
    });


    it('should fake getHours method', function() {
      //0 in -3h
      var t0 = new angular.mock.TzDate(-3, 0);
      expect(t0.getHours()).toBe(3);

      //0 in +0h
      var t1 = new angular.mock.TzDate(0, 0);
      expect(t1.getHours()).toBe(0);

      //0 in +3h
      var t2 = new angular.mock.TzDate(3, 0);
      expect(t2.getHours()).toMatch(21);
    });


    it('should fake getMinutes method', function() {
      //0:15 in -3h
      var t0 = new angular.mock.TzDate(-3, minutes(15));
      expect(t0.getMinutes()).toBe(15);

      //0:15 in -3.25h
      var t0a = new angular.mock.TzDate(-3.25, minutes(15));
      expect(t0a.getMinutes()).toBe(30);

      //0 in +0h
      var t1 = new angular.mock.TzDate(0, minutes(0));
      expect(t1.getMinutes()).toBe(0);

      //0:15 in +0h
      var t1a = new angular.mock.TzDate(0, minutes(15));
      expect(t1a.getMinutes()).toBe(15);

      //0:15 in +3h
      var t2 = new angular.mock.TzDate(3, minutes(15));
      expect(t2.getMinutes()).toMatch(15);

      //0:15 in +3.25h
      var t2a = new angular.mock.TzDate(3.25, minutes(15));
      expect(t2a.getMinutes()).toMatch(0);
    });


    it('should fake getSeconds method', function() {
      //0 in -3h
      var t0 = new angular.mock.TzDate(-3, 0);
      expect(t0.getSeconds()).toBe(0);

      //0 in +0h
      var t1 = new angular.mock.TzDate(0, 0);
      expect(t1.getSeconds()).toBe(0);

      //0 in +3h
      var t2 = new angular.mock.TzDate(3, 0);
      expect(t2.getSeconds()).toMatch(0);
    });


    it('should create a date representing new year in Bratislava', function() {
      var newYearInBratislava = new angular.mock.TzDate(-1, '2009-12-31T23:00:00.000Z');
      expect(newYearInBratislava.getTimezoneOffset()).toBe(-60);
      expect(newYearInBratislava.getFullYear()).toBe(2010);
      expect(newYearInBratislava.getMonth()).toBe(0);
      expect(newYearInBratislava.getDate()).toBe(1);
      expect(newYearInBratislava.getHours()).toBe(0);
      expect(newYearInBratislava.getMinutes()).toBe(0);
    });


    it('should delegate all the UTC methods to the original UTC Date object', function() {
      //from when created from string
      var date1 = new angular.mock.TzDate(-1, '2009-12-31T23:00:00.000Z');
      expect(date1.getUTCFullYear()).toBe(2009);
      expect(date1.getUTCMonth()).toBe(11);
      expect(date1.getUTCDate()).toBe(31);
      expect(date1.getUTCHours()).toBe(23);
      expect(date1.getUTCMinutes()).toBe(0);
      expect(date1.getUTCSeconds()).toBe(0);


      //from when created from millis
      var date2 = new angular.mock.TzDate(-1, date1.getTime());
      expect(date2.getUTCFullYear()).toBe(2009);
      expect(date2.getUTCMonth()).toBe(11);
      expect(date2.getUTCDate()).toBe(31);
      expect(date2.getUTCHours()).toBe(23);
      expect(date2.getUTCMinutes()).toBe(0);
      expect(date2.getUTCSeconds()).toBe(0);
    });


    it('should throw error when no third param but toString called', function() {
      expect(function() { new angular.mock.TzDate(0,0).toString(); }).
                           toThrow('Method \'toString\' is not implemented in the TzDate mock');
    });
  });


  describe('$log', function() {
    var $log;
    beforeEach(inject(['$log', function(log) {
      $log = log;
    }]));

    afterEach(inject(function($log){
      $log.reset();
    }));

    it('should provide log method', function() {
      expect(function() { $log.log(''); }).not.toThrow();
    });

    it('should provide info method', function() {
      expect(function() { $log.info(''); }).not.toThrow();
    });

    it('should provide warn method', function() {
      expect(function() { $log.warn(''); }).not.toThrow();
    });

    it('should provide error method', function() {
      expect(function() { $log.error(''); }).not.toThrow();
    });

    it('should store log messages', function() {
      $log.log('fake log');
      expect($log.log.logs).toContain(['fake log']);
    });

    it('should store info messages', function() {
      $log.info('fake log');
      expect($log.info.logs).toContain(['fake log']);
    });

    it('should store warn messages', function() {
      $log.warn('fake log');
      expect($log.warn.logs).toContain(['fake log']);
    });

    it('should store error messages', function() {
      $log.error('fake log');
      expect($log.error.logs).toContain(['fake log']);
    });

    it('should assertEmpty', function(){
      try {
        $log.error(Error('MyError'));
        $log.warn(Error('MyWarn'));
        $log.info(Error('MyInfo'));
        $log.log(Error('MyLog'));
        $log.assertEmpty();
      } catch (error) {
        error = error.message || error;
        expect(error).toMatch(/Error: MyError/m);
        expect(error).toMatch(/Error: MyWarn/m);
        expect(error).toMatch(/Error: MyInfo/m);
        expect(error).toMatch(/Error: MyLog/m);
      } finally {
        $log.reset();
      }
    });

    it('should reset state', function(){
      $log.error(Error('MyError'));
      $log.warn(Error('MyWarn'));
      $log.info(Error('MyInfo'));
      $log.log(Error('MyLog'));
      $log.reset();
      var passed = false;
      try {
        $log.assertEmpty(); // should not throw error!
        passed = true;
      } catch (e) {
        passed = e;
      }
      expect(passed).toBe(true);
    });
  });


  describe('defer', function() {
    var browser, log;
    beforeEach(inject(function($browser) {
      browser = $browser;
      log = '';
    }));

    function logFn(text){ return function() {
        log += text +';';
      };
    }

    it('should flush', function() {
      browser.defer(logFn('A'));
      expect(log).toEqual('');
      browser.defer.flush();
      expect(log).toEqual('A;');
    });

    it('should flush delayed', function() {
      browser.defer(logFn('A'));
      browser.defer(logFn('B'), 10);
      browser.defer(logFn('C'), 20);
      expect(log).toEqual('');

      expect(browser.defer.now).toEqual(0);
      browser.defer.flush(0);
      expect(log).toEqual('A;');

      browser.defer.flush();
      expect(log).toEqual('A;B;C;');
    });

    it('should defer and flush over time', function() {
      browser.defer(logFn('A'), 1);
      browser.defer(logFn('B'), 2);
      browser.defer(logFn('C'), 3);

      browser.defer.flush(0);
      expect(browser.defer.now).toEqual(0);
      expect(log).toEqual('');

      browser.defer.flush(1);
      expect(browser.defer.now).toEqual(1);
      expect(log).toEqual('A;');

      browser.defer.flush(2);
      expect(browser.defer.now).toEqual(3);
      expect(log).toEqual('A;B;C;');
    });

    it('should throw an exception if there is nothing to be flushed', function() {
      expect(function() {browser.defer.flush();}).toThrow('No deferred tasks to be flushed');
    });
  });


  describe('$exceptionHandler', function() {
    it('should rethrow exceptions', inject(function($exceptionHandler) {
      expect(function() { $exceptionHandler('myException'); }).toThrow('myException');
    }));


    it('should log exceptions', module(function($exceptionHandlerProvider){
      $exceptionHandlerProvider.mode('log');
      var $exceptionHandler = $exceptionHandlerProvider.$get();
      $exceptionHandler('MyError');
      expect($exceptionHandler.errors).toEqual(['MyError']);

      $exceptionHandler('MyError', 'comment');
      expect($exceptionHandler.errors[1]).toEqual(['MyError', 'comment']);
    }));


    it('should throw on wrong argument', module(function($exceptionHandlerProvider) {
      expect(function() {
        $exceptionHandlerProvider.mode('XXX');
      }).toThrow("Unknown mode 'XXX', only 'log'/'rethrow' modes are allowed!");
    }));
  });


  describe('$timeout', function() {
    it('should expose flush method that will flush the pending queue of tasks', inject(
        function($timeout) {
      var logger = [],
          logFn = function(msg) { return function() { logger.push(msg) }};

      $timeout(logFn('t1'));
      $timeout(logFn('t2'), 200);
      $timeout(logFn('t3'));
      expect(logger).toEqual([]);

      $timeout.flush();
      expect(logger).toEqual(['t1', 't3', 't2']);
    }));
  });


  describe('angular.mock.dump', function(){
    var d = angular.mock.dump;


    it('should serialize primitive types', function(){
      expect(d(undefined)).toEqual('undefined');
      expect(d(1)).toEqual('1');
      expect(d(null)).toEqual('null');
      expect(d('abc')).toEqual('abc');
    });


    it('should serialize element', function(){
      var e = angular.element('<div>abc</div><span>xyz</span>');
      expect(d(e).toLowerCase()).toEqual('<div>abc</div><span>xyz</span>');
      expect(d(e[0]).toLowerCase()).toEqual('<div>abc</div>');
    });

    it('should serialize scope', inject(function($rootScope){
      $rootScope.obj = {abc:'123'};
      expect(d($rootScope)).toMatch(/Scope\(.*\): \{/);
      expect(d($rootScope)).toMatch(/{"abc":"123"}/);
    }));


    it('should be published on window', function(){
      expect(window.dump instanceof Function).toBe(true);
    });
  });


  describe('angular.mock.clearDataCache', function() {
    function keys(obj) {
      var keys = [];
      for(var key in obj) {
        if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) keys.push(key);
      }
      return keys.sort();
    }

    function browserTrigger(element, eventType) {
      element = element[0];
      if (document.createEvent) {
        var event = document.createEvent('MouseEvents');
        event.initMouseEvent(eventType, true, true, window, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, false, false,
          false, false, 0, element);
        element.dispatchEvent(event);
      } else {
        element.fireEvent('on' + eventType);
      }
    }

    it('should remove data', function() {
      expect(angular.element.cache).toEqual({});
      var div = angular.element('<div></div>');
      div.data('name', 'angular');
      expect(keys(angular.element.cache)).not.toEqual([]);
      angular.mock.clearDataCache();
      expect(keys(angular.element.cache)).toEqual([]);
    });

    it('should deregister event handlers', function() {
      expect(keys(angular.element.cache)).toEqual([]);
      var log = '';
      var div = angular.element('<div></div>');

      // crazy IE9 requires div to be connected to render DOM for click event to work
      // mousemove works even when not connected. This is a heisen-bug since stepping
      // through the code makes the test pass. Viva IE!!!
      angular.element(document.body).append(div)

      div.bind('click', function() { log += 'click1;'});
      div.bind('click', function() { log += 'click2;'});
      div.bind('mousemove', function() { log += 'mousemove;'});

      browserTrigger(div, 'click');
      browserTrigger(div, 'mousemove');
      expect(log).toEqual('click1;click2;mousemove;');
      log = '';

      angular.mock.clearDataCache();

      browserTrigger(div, 'click');
      browserTrigger(div, 'mousemove');
      expect(log).toEqual('');
      expect(keys(angular.element.cache)).toEqual([]);

      div.remove();
    });
  });


  describe('jasmine module and inject', function(){
    var log;

    beforeEach(function(){
      log = '';
    });

    describe('module', function() {
      describe('in DSL', function() {
        it('should load module', module(function() {
          log += 'module';
        }));

        afterEach(function() {
          inject();
          expect(log).toEqual('module');
        });
      });


      describe('inline in test', function() {
        it('should load module', function() {
          module(function() {
            log += 'module';
          });
          inject();
        });

        afterEach(function() {
          expect(log).toEqual('module');
        });
      });
    });

    describe('inject', function() {
      describe('in DSL', function() {
        it('should load module', inject(function() {
          log += 'inject';
        }));

        afterEach(function() {
          expect(log).toEqual('inject');
        });
      });


      describe('inline in test', function() {
        it('should load module', function() {
          inject(function() {
            log += 'inject';
          });
        });

        afterEach(function() {
          expect(log).toEqual('inject');
        });
      });

      describe('module with inject', function() {
        beforeEach(module(function(){
          log += 'module;';
        }));

        it('should inject', inject(function() {
          log += 'inject;';
        }));

        afterEach(function() {
          expect(log).toEqual('module;inject;')
        });
      });
    });
  });


  describe('$httpBackend', function() {
    var hb, callback, realBackendSpy;

    beforeEach(inject(function($httpBackend) {
      callback = jasmine.createSpy('callback');
      hb = $httpBackend;
    }));


    it('should respond with first matched definition', function() {
      hb.when('GET', '/url1').respond(200, 'content', {});
      hb.when('GET', '/url1').respond(201, 'another', {});

      callback.andCallFake(function(status, response) {
        expect(status).toBe(200);
        expect(response).toBe('content');
      });

      hb('GET', '/url1', null, callback);
      expect(callback).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
      hb.flush();
      expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
    });


    it('should throw error when unexpected request', function() {
      hb.when('GET', '/url1').respond(200, 'content');
      expect(function() {
        hb('GET', '/xxx');
      }).toThrow('Unexpected request: GET /xxx\nNo more request expected');
    });


    it('should match headers if specified', function() {
      hb.when('GET', '/url', null, {'X': 'val1'}).respond(201, 'content1');
      hb.when('GET', '/url', null, {'X': 'val2'}).respond(202, 'content2');
      hb.when('GET', '/url').respond(203, 'content3');

      hb('GET', '/url', null, function(status, response) {
        expect(status).toBe(203);
        expect(response).toBe('content3');
      });

      hb('GET', '/url', null, function(status, response) {
        expect(status).toBe(201);
        expect(response).toBe('content1');
      }, {'X': 'val1'});

      hb('GET', '/url', null, function(status, response) {
        expect(status).toBe(202);
        expect(response).toBe('content2');
      }, {'X': 'val2'});

      hb.flush();
    });


    it('should match data if specified', function() {
      hb.when('GET', '/a/b', '{a: true}').respond(201, 'content1');
      hb.when('GET', '/a/b').respond(202, 'content2');

      hb('GET', '/a/b', '{a: true}', function(status, response) {
        expect(status).toBe(201);
        expect(response).toBe('content1');
      });

      hb('GET', '/a/b', null, function(status, response) {
        expect(status).toBe(202);
        expect(response).toBe('content2');
      });

      hb.flush();
    });


    it('should match only method', function() {
      hb.when('GET').respond(202, 'c');
      callback.andCallFake(function(status, response) {
        expect(status).toBe(202);
        expect(response).toBe('c');
      });

      hb('GET', '/some', null, callback, {});
      hb('GET', '/another', null, callback, {'X-Fake': 'Header'});
      hb('GET', '/third', 'some-data', callback, {});
      hb.flush();

      expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalled();
    });


    it('should preserve the order of requests', function() {
      hb.when('GET', '/url1').respond(200, 'first');
      hb.when('GET', '/url2').respond(201, 'second');

      hb('GET', '/url2', null, callback);
      hb('GET', '/url1', null, callback);

      hb.flush();

      expect(callback.callCount).toBe(2);
      expect(callback.argsForCall[0]).toEqual([201, 'second', '']);
      expect(callback.argsForCall[1]).toEqual([200, 'first', '']);
    });


    describe('respond()', function() {
      it('should take values', function() {
        hb.expect('GET', '/url1').respond(200, 'first', {'header': 'val'});
        hb('GET', '/url1', undefined, callback);
        hb.flush();

        expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalledOnceWith(200, 'first', 'header: val');
      });

      it('should take function', function() {
        hb.expect('GET', '/some').respond(function(m, u, d, h) {
          return [301, m + u + ';' + d + ';a=' + h.a, {'Connection': 'keep-alive'}];
        });

        hb('GET', '/some', 'data', callback, {a: 'b'});
        hb.flush();

        expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalledOnceWith(301, 'GET/some;data;a=b', 'Connection: keep-alive');
      });

      it('should default status code to 200', function() {
        callback.andCallFake(function(status, response) {
          expect(status).toBe(200);
          expect(response).toBe('some-data');
        });

        hb.expect('GET', '/url1').respond('some-data');
        hb.expect('GET', '/url2').respond('some-data', {'X-Header': 'true'});
        hb('GET', '/url1', null, callback);
        hb('GET', '/url2', null, callback);
        hb.flush();
        expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalled();
        expect(callback.callCount).toBe(2);
      });


      it('should default response headers to ""', function() {
        hb.expect('GET', '/url1').respond(200, 'first');
        hb.expect('GET', '/url2').respond('second');

        hb('GET', '/url1', null, callback);
        hb('GET', '/url2', null, callback);

        hb.flush();

        expect(callback.callCount).toBe(2);
        expect(callback.argsForCall[0]).toEqual([200, 'first', '']);
        expect(callback.argsForCall[1]).toEqual([200, 'second', '']);
      });
    });


    describe('expect()', function() {
      it('should require specified order', function() {
        hb.expect('GET', '/url1').respond(200, '');
        hb.expect('GET', '/url2').respond(200, '');

        expect(function() {
          hb('GET', '/url2', null, noop, {});
        }).toThrow('Unexpected request: GET /url2\nExpected GET /url1');
      });


      it('should have precedence over when()', function() {
        callback.andCallFake(function(status, response) {
          expect(status).toBe(300);
          expect(response).toBe('expect');
        });

        hb.when('GET', '/url').respond(200, 'when');
        hb.expect('GET', '/url').respond(300, 'expect');

        hb('GET', '/url', null, callback, {});
        hb.flush();
        expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
      });


      it ('should throw exception when only headers differs from expectation', function() {
        hb.when('GET').respond(200, '', {});
        hb.expect('GET', '/match', undefined, {'Content-Type': 'application/json'});

        expect(function() {
          hb('GET', '/match', null, noop, {});
        }).toThrow('Expected GET /match with different headers\n' +
                   'EXPECTED: {"Content-Type":"application/json"}\nGOT:      {}');
      });


      it ('should throw exception when only data differs from expectation', function() {
        hb.when('GET').respond(200, '', {});
        hb.expect('GET', '/match', 'some-data');

        expect(function() {
          hb('GET', '/match', 'different', noop, {});
        }).toThrow('Expected GET /match with different data\n' +
                   'EXPECTED: some-data\nGOT:      different');
      });


      it("should use when's respond() when no expect() respond is defined", function() {
        callback.andCallFake(function(status, response) {
          expect(status).toBe(201);
          expect(response).toBe('data');
        });

        hb.when('GET', '/some').respond(201, 'data');
        hb.expect('GET', '/some');
        hb('GET', '/some', null, callback);
        hb.flush();

        expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalled();
        expect(function() { hb.verifyNoOutstandingExpectation(); }).not.toThrow();
      });
    });


    describe('flush()', function() {
      it('flush() should flush requests fired during callbacks', function() {
        hb.when('GET').respond(200, '');
        hb('GET', '/some', null, function() {
          hb('GET', '/other', null, callback);
        });

        hb.flush();
        expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalled();
      });


      it('should flush given number of pending requests', function() {
        hb.when('GET').respond(200, '');
        hb('GET', '/some', null, callback);
        hb('GET', '/some', null, callback);
        hb('GET', '/some', null, callback);

        hb.flush(2);
        expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalled();
        expect(callback.callCount).toBe(2);
      });


      it('should throw exception when flushing more requests than pending', function() {
        hb.when('GET').respond(200, '');
        hb('GET', '/url', null, callback);

        expect(function() {hb.flush(2);}).toThrow('No more pending request to flush !');
        expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
      });


      it('should throw exception when no request to flush', function() {
        expect(function() {hb.flush();}).toThrow('No pending request to flush !');

        hb.when('GET').respond(200, '');
        hb('GET', '/some', null, callback);
        hb.flush();

        expect(function() {hb.flush();}).toThrow('No pending request to flush !');
      });


      it('should throw exception if not all expectations satisfied', function() {
        hb.expect('GET', '/url1').respond();
        hb.expect('GET', '/url2').respond();

        hb('GET', '/url1', null, angular.noop);
        expect(function() {hb.flush();}).toThrow('Unsatisfied requests: GET /url2');
      });
    });


    it('should throw an exception if no response defined', function() {
      hb.when('GET', '/test');
      expect(function() {
        hb('GET', '/test', null, callback);
      }).toThrow('No response defined !');
    });


    it('should throw an exception if no response for exception and no definition', function() {
      hb.expect('GET', '/url');
      expect(function() {
        hb('GET', '/url', null, callback);
      }).toThrow('No response defined !');
    });


    it('should respond undefined when JSONP method', function() {
      hb.when('JSONP', '/url1').respond(200);
      hb.expect('JSONP', '/url2').respond(200);

      expect(hb('JSONP', '/url1')).toBeUndefined();
      expect(hb('JSONP', '/url2')).toBeUndefined();
    });


    it('should not have passThrough method', function() {
      expect(hb.passThrough).toBeUndefined();
    });


    describe('verifyExpectations', function() {

      it('should throw exception if not all expectations were satisfied', function() {
        hb.expect('POST', '/u1', 'ddd').respond(201, '', {});
        hb.expect('GET', '/u2').respond(200, '', {});
        hb.expect('POST', '/u3').respond(201, '', {});

        hb('POST', '/u1', 'ddd', noop, {});

        expect(function() {hb.verifyNoOutstandingExpectation();}).
          toThrow('Unsatisfied requests: GET /u2, POST /u3');
      });


      it('should do nothing when no expectation', function() {
        hb.when('DELETE', '/some').respond(200, '');

        expect(function() {hb.verifyNoOutstandingExpectation();}).not.toThrow();
      });


      it('should do nothing when all expectations satisfied', function() {
        hb.expect('GET', '/u2').respond(200, '', {});
        hb.expect('POST', '/u3').respond(201, '', {});
        hb.when('DELETE', '/some').respond(200, '');

        hb('GET', '/u2', noop);
        hb('POST', '/u3', noop);

        expect(function() {hb.verifyNoOutstandingExpectation();}).not.toThrow();
      });
    });

    describe('verifyRequests', function() {

      it('should throw exception if not all requests were flushed', function() {
        hb.when('GET').respond(200);
        hb('GET', '/some', null, noop, {});

        expect(function() {
          hb.verifyNoOutstandingRequest();
        }).toThrow('Unflushed requests: 1');
      });
    });


    describe('resetExpectations', function() {

      it('should remove all expectations', function() {
        hb.expect('GET', '/u2').respond(200, '', {});
        hb.expect('POST', '/u3').respond(201, '', {});
        hb.resetExpectations();

        expect(function() {hb.verifyNoOutstandingExpectation();}).not.toThrow();
      });


      it('should remove all pending responses', function() {
        var cancelledClb = jasmine.createSpy('cancelled');

        hb.expect('GET', '/url').respond(200, '');
        hb('GET', '/url', null, cancelledClb);
        hb.resetExpectations();

        hb.expect('GET', '/url').respond(300, '');
        hb('GET', '/url', null, callback, {});
        hb.flush();

        expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
        expect(cancelledClb).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
      });


      it('should not remove definitions', function() {
        var cancelledClb = jasmine.createSpy('cancelled');

        hb.when('GET', '/url').respond(200, 'success');
        hb('GET', '/url', null, cancelledClb);
        hb.resetExpectations();

        hb('GET', '/url', null, callback, {});
        hb.flush();

        expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
        expect(cancelledClb).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
      });
    });


    describe('expect/when shortcuts', function() {
      angular.forEach(['expect', 'when'], function(prefix) {
        angular.forEach(['GET', 'POST', 'PUT', 'PATCH', 'DELETE', 'JSONP'], function(method) {
          var shortcut = prefix + method;
          it('should provide ' + shortcut + ' shortcut method', function() {
            hb[shortcut]('/foo').respond('bar');
            hb(method, '/foo', undefined, callback);
            hb.flush();
            expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalledOnceWith(200, 'bar', '');
          });
        });
      });
    });


    describe('MockHttpExpectation', function() {

      it('should accept url as regexp', function() {
        var exp = new MockHttpExpectation('GET', /^\/x/);

        expect(exp.match('GET', '/x')).toBe(true);
        expect(exp.match('GET', '/xxx/x')).toBe(true);
        expect(exp.match('GET', 'x')).toBe(false);
        expect(exp.match('GET', 'a/x')).toBe(false);
      });


      it('should accept data as regexp', function() {
        var exp = new MockHttpExpectation('POST', '/url', /\{.*?\}/);

        expect(exp.match('POST', '/url', '{"a": "aa"}')).toBe(true);
        expect(exp.match('POST', '/url', '{"one": "two"}')).toBe(true);
        expect(exp.match('POST', '/url', '{"one"')).toBe(false);
      });


      it('should ignore data only if undefined (not null or false)', function() {
        var exp = new MockHttpExpectation('POST', '/url', null);
        expect(exp.matchData(null)).toBe(true);
        expect(exp.matchData('some-data')).toBe(false);

        exp = new MockHttpExpectation('POST', '/url', undefined);
        expect(exp.matchData(null)).toBe(true);
        expect(exp.matchData('some-data')).toBe(true);
      });


      it('should accept headers as function', function() {
        var exp = new MockHttpExpectation('GET', '/url', undefined, function(h) {
          return h['Content-Type'] == 'application/json';
        });

        expect(exp.matchHeaders({})).toBe(false);
        expect(exp.matchHeaders({'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'X-Another': 'true'})).toBe(true);
      });
    });
  });


  describe('$rootElement', function() {
    it('should create mock application root', inject(function($rootElement) {
      expect($rootElement.text()).toEqual('');
    }));
  });
});


describe('ngMockE2E', function() {
  describe('$httpBackend', function() {
    var hb, realHttpBackend, callback;

    beforeEach(function() {
      module(function($provide) {
        callback = jasmine.createSpy('callback');
        realHttpBackend = jasmine.createSpy('real $httpBackend');
        $provide.value('$httpBackend', realHttpBackend);
        $provide.decorator('$httpBackend', angular.mock.e2e.$httpBackendDecorator);
      });
      inject(function($injector) {
        hb = $injector.get('$httpBackend');
      });
    });


    describe('passThrough()', function() {
      it('should delegate requests to the real backend when passThrough is invoked', function() {
        hb.when('GET', /\/passThrough\/.*/).passThrough();
        hb('GET', '/passThrough/23', null, callback);

        expect(realHttpBackend).
            toHaveBeenCalledOnceWith('GET', '/passThrough/23', null, callback, undefined);
      });
    });


    describe('autoflush', function() {
      it('should flush responses via $browser.defer', inject(function($browser) {
        hb.when('GET', '/foo').respond('bar');
        hb('GET', '/foo', null, callback);

        expect(callback).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
        $browser.defer.flush();
        expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
      }));
    });
  });
});