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-@ngdoc overview
-@name Developer Guide: Forms
-@description
-
-Controls (`input`, `select`, `textarea`) are a way for user to enter data.
-Form is a collection of controls for the purpose of grouping related controls together.
-
-Form and controls provide validation services, so that the user can be notified of invalid input.
-This provides a better user experience, because the user gets instant feedback on how to correct the error.
-Keep in mind that while client-side validation plays an important role in providing good user experience, it can easily be circumvented and thus can not be trusted.
-Server-side validation is still necessary for a secure application.
-
-
-# Simple form
-The key directive in understanding two-way data-binding is {@link api/angular.module.ng.$compileProvider.directive.ngModel ngModel}.
-The `ngModel` directive provides the two-way data-binding by synchronizing the model to the view, as well as view to the model.
-In addition it provides {@link api/angular.module.ng.$compileProvider.directive.ngModel.NgModelController API} for other directives to augment its behavior.
-
-<doc:example>
-<doc:source>
-<div ng-controller="Controller">
- <form novalidate class="simple-form">
- Name: <input type="text" ng-model="user.name" /><br />
- E-mail: <input type="email" ng-model="user.email" /><br />
- Gender: <input type="radio" ng-model="user.gender" value="male" />male
- <input type="radio" ng-model="user.gender" value="female" />female<br />
- <button ng-click="reset()">RESET</button>
- <button ng-click="update(user)">SAVE</button>
- </form>
- <pre>form = {{user | json}}</pre>
- <pre>master = {{master | json}}</pre>
-</div>
-
-<script>
- function Controller($scope) {
- $scope.master= {};
-
- $scope.update = function(user) {
- $scope.master= angular.copy(user);
- };
-
- $scope.reset = function() {
- $scope.user = angular.copy($scope.master);
- };
-
- $scope.reset();
- }
- </script>
-</doc:source>
-</doc:example>
-
-
-Note that `novalidate` is used to disable browser's native form validation.
-
-
-
-# Using CSS classes
-
-To allow styling of form as well as controls, `ngModel` add these CSS classes:
-
-- `ng-valid`
-- `ng-invalid`
-- `ng-pristine`
-- `ng-dirty`
-
-Following example uses the CSS to display validity of each form control.
-In the example both `user.name` and `user.email` are required, but are rendered with red background only when they are dirty.
-This ensures that the user is not distracted with an error until after interacting with the control, and failing to satisfy its validity.
-
-<doc:example>
-<doc:source>
-<div ng-controller="Controller">
- <form novalidate class="css-form">
- Name:
- <input type="text" ng-model="user.name" required /><br />
- E-mail: <input type="email" ng-model="user.email" required /><br />
- Gender: <input type="radio" ng-model="user.gender" value="male" />male
- <input type="radio" ng-model="user.gender" value="female" />female<br />
- <button ng-click="reset()">RESET</button>
- <button ng-click="update(user)">SAVE</button>
- </form>
-</div>
-
-<style type="text/css">
- .css-form input.ng-invalid.ng-dirty {
- background-color: #FA787E;
- }
-
- .css-form input.ng-valid.ng-dirty {
- background-color: #78FA89;
- }
-</style>
-
-<script>
- function Controller($scope) {
- $scope.master= {};
-
- $scope.update = function(user) {
- $scope.master= angular.copy(user);
- };
-
- $scope.reset = function() {
- $scope.user = angular.copy($scope.master);
- };
-
- $scope.reset();
- }
- </script>
-</doc:source>
-</doc:example>
-
-
-
-# Binding to form and control state
-
-A form is in instance of {@link api/angular.module.ng.$compileProvider.directive.form.FormController FormController}.
-The form instance can optionally be published into the scope using the `name` attribute.
-Similarly control is an instance of {@link api/angular.module.ng.$compileProvider.directive.ngModel.NgModelController NgModelController}.
-The control instance can similarly be published into the form instance using the `name` attribute.
-This implies that the internal state of both the form and the control is available for binding in the view using the standard binding primitives.
-
-This allows us to extend the above example with these features:
-
-- RESET button is enabled only if form has some changes
-- SAVE button is enabled only if form has some changes and is valid
-- custom error messages for `user.email` and `user.agree`
-
-<doc:example>
-<doc:source>
-<div ng-controller="Controller">
- <form name="form" class="css-form" novalidate>
- Name:
- <input type="text" ng-model="user.name" name="uName" required /><br />
- E-mail:
- <input type="email" ng-model="user.email" name="uEmail" required/><br />
- <div ng-show="form.uEmail.$dirty && form.uEmail.$invalid">Invalid:
- <span ng-show="form.uEmail.$error.required">Tell us your email.</span>
- <span ng-show="form.uEmail.$error.email">This is not a valid email.</span>
- </div>
-
- Gender: <input type="radio" ng-model="user.gender" value="male" />male
- <input type="radio" ng-model="user.gender" value="female" />female<br />
-
- <input type="checkbox" ng-model="user.agree" name="userAgree" required />
- I agree: <input ng-show="user.agree" type="text" ng-model="user.agreeSign"
- required /><br />
- <div ng-show="!user.agree || !user.agreeSign">Please agree and sign.</div>
-
- <button ng-click="reset()" ng-disabled="isUnchanged(user)">RESET</button>
- <button ng-click="update(user)"
- ng-disabled="form.$invalid || isUnchanged(user)">SAVE</button>
- </form>
-</div>
-
-<script>
- function Controller($scope) {
- $scope.master= {};
-
- $scope.update = function(user) {
- $scope.master= angular.copy(user);
- };
-
- $scope.reset = function() {
- $scope.user = angular.copy($scope.master);
- };
-
- $scope.isUnchanged = function(user) {
- return angular.equals(user, $scope.master);
- };
-
- $scope.reset();
- }
-</script>
-</doc:source>
-</doc:example>
-
-
-
-# Custom Validation
-
-Angular provides basic implementation for most common html5 {@link api/angular.module.ng.$compileProvider.directive.input input}
-types: ({@link api/angular.module.ng.$compileProvider.directive.input.text text}, {@link api/angular.module.ng.$compileProvider.directive.input.number number}, {@link api/angular.module.ng.$compileProvider.directive.input.url url}, {@link api/angular.module.ng.$compileProvider.directive.input.email email}, {@link api/angular.module.ng.$compileProvider.directive.input.radio radio}, {@link api/angular.module.ng.$compileProvider.directive.input.checkbox checkbox}), as well as some directives for validation (`required`, `pattern`, `minlength`, `maxlength`, `min`, `max`).
-
-Defining your own validator can be done by defining your own directive which adds a custom validation function to the `ngModel` {@link api/angular.module.ng.$compileProvider.directive.ngModel.NgModelController controller}.
-To get a hold of the controller the directive specifies a dependency as shown in the example below.
-The validation can occur in two places:
-
- * **Model to View update** -
- Whenever the bound model changes, all functions in {@link api/angular.module.ng.$compileProvider.directive.ngModel.NgModelController#$formatters NgModelController#$formatters} array are pipe-lined, so that each of these functions has an opportunity to format the value and change validity state of the form control through {@link api/angular.module.ng.$compileProvider.directive.ngModel.NgModelController#$setValidity NgModelController#$setValidity}.
-
- * **View to Model update** -
- In a similar way, whenever a user interacts with a control, the controll calls {@link api/angular.module.ng.$compileProvider.directive.ngModel.NgModelController#$setViewValue NgModelController#$setViewValue}.
-This in turn pipelines all functions in {@link api/angular.module.ng.$compileProvider.directive.ngModel.NgModelController#$parsers NgModelController#$parsers} array, so that each of these functions has an opportunity to convert the value and change validity state of the form control through {@link api/angular.module.ng.$compileProvider.directive.ngModel.NgModelController#$setValidity NgModelController#$setValidity}.
-
-In the following example we create two directives.
-
- * The first one is `integer` and it validates whether the input is a valid integer.
- For example `1.23` is an invalid value, since it contains a fraction.
- Note, that we unshift the array instead of pushing.
- This is because we want to be first parser and consume the control string value, as we need to execute the validation function before a conversion to number occurs.
-
- * The second directive is a `smart-float`.
- It parses both `1.2` and `1,2` into a valid float number `1.2`.
- Note that, we can't use input type `number` here as HTML5 browsers would not allow the user to type what it would consider an invalid number such as `1,2`.
-
-
-<doc:example module="form-example1">
-<doc:source>
-<div ng-controller="Controller">
- <form name="form" class="css-form" novalidate>
- <div>
- Size (integer 0 - 10):
- <input type="number" ng-model="size" name="size"
- min="0" max="10" integer />{{size}}<br />
- <span ng-show="form.size.$error.integer">This is not valid integer!</span>
- <span ng-show="form.size.$error.min || form.size.$error.max">
- The value must be in range 0 to 10!</span>
- </div>
-
- <div>
- Length (float):
- <input type="text" ng-model="length" name="length" smart-float />
- {{length}}<br />
- <span ng-show="form.length.$error.float">
- This is not a valid float number!</span>
- </div>
- </form>
-</div>
-
-<script>
- var app = angular.module('form-example1', []);
-
- var INTEGER_REGEXP = /^\-?\d*$/;
- app.directive('integer', function() {
- return {
- require: 'ngModel',
- link: function(scope, elm, attrs, ctrl) {
- ctrl.$parsers.unshift(function(viewValue) {
- if (INTEGER_REGEXP.test(viewValue)) {
- // it is valid
- ctrl.$setValidity('integer', true);
- return viewValue;
- } else {
- // it is invalid, return undefined (no model update)
- ctrl.$setValidity('integer', false);
- return undefined;
- }
- });
- }
- };
- });
-
- var FLOAT_REGEXP = /^\-?\d+((\.|\,)\d+)?$/;
- app.directive('smartFloat', function() {
- return {
- require: 'ngModel',
- link: function(scope, elm, attrs, ctrl) {
- ctrl.$parsers.unshift(function(viewValue) {
- if (FLOAT_REGEXP.test(viewValue)) {
- ctrl.$setValidity('float', true);
- return parseFloat(viewValue.replace(',', '.'));
- } else {
- ctrl.$setValidity('float', false);
- return undefined;
- }
- });
- }
- };
- });
-</script>
-</doc:source>
-</doc:example>
-
-
-# Implementing custom form control (using `ngModel`)
-Angular implements all of the basic HTML form controls ({@link api/angular.module.ng.$compileProvider.directive.input input}, {@link api/angular.module.ng.$compileProvider.directive.select select}, {@link api/angular.module.ng.$compileProvider.directive.textarea textarea}), which should be sufficient for most cases.
-However, if you need more flexibility, you can write your own form control as a directive.
-
-In order for custom control to work with `ngModel` and to achieve two-way data-binding it needs to:
-
- - implement `render` method, which is responsible for rendering the data after it passed the {@link api/angular.module.ng.$compileProvider.directive.ngModel.NgModelController#$formatters NgModelController#$formatters},
- - call `$setViewValue` method, whenever the user interacts with the control and model needs to be updated. This is usually done inside a DOM Event listener.
-
-See {@link guide/directive $compileProvider.directive} for more info.
-
-The following example shows how to add two-way data-binding to contentEditable elements.
-
-<doc:example module="form-example2">
-<doc:source>
-<script>
- angular.module('form-example2', []).directive('contenteditable', function() {
- return {
- require: 'ngModel',
- link: function(scope, elm, attrs, ctrl) {
- // view -> model
- elm.bind('blur', function() {
- scope.$apply(function() {
- ctrl.$setViewValue(elm.html());
- });
- });
-
- // model -> view
- ctrl.render = function(value) {
- elm.html(value);
- };
-
- // load init value from DOM
- ctrl.$setViewValue(elm.html());
- }
- };
- });
-</script>
-
-<div contentEditable="true" ng-model="content" title="Click to edit">Some</div>
-<pre>model = {{content}}</pre>
-
-<style type="text/css">
- div[contentEditable] {
- cursor: pointer;
- background-color: #D0D0D0;
- }
-</style>
-</doc:source>
-</doc:example>